Harrison bergeron

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Harrison Bergeron

At last, in the year 081, there is a world of perfect equality. With 'average' levels of intelligence, physical strength and appearance balanced out, America has finally become a utopian society. Yet there are flaws, and still inequality within the mask of equality that belittles all those with above-average skills. Brief yet effective, Kurt Vonnegut's "Harrison Bergeron" is a bitter satire of a futuristic America, seen through the eyes and voices of its citizens.

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Vonnegut shows us through characters the different opinions each civilian feel towards this equality law. There is Hazel, who is of 'average' intelligence and too stupid to acknowledge even the death of her own son. Her thoughts come and go, drifting here and there. Hazel and all the other Hazel's in America are the ones who make the leaders of America feel so safe; for she is harmless and easily manipulated to fit their needs.

But then there is George; who is of above-average intelligence and physical fitness. He must not only endure the irritation of the ear transmitter every time he thinks too much, but also carry the burden of heavy weights around his neck to make up for his physical state. The transmitters are made to blast loud noise and disturb his train of thought, till his mind is as blank as his wife's, while the weights hinder him and force him to bend over at the force. Though the man understands what happens when his son dies right before him on the TV screen, he is unable to express his emotions.

And at last, our hero Harrison, a boy born with such intelligence, physical capabilities and handsome appearances that he was strapped into the most up-to-date technology barring the boy from his above-average skills. But he could not be hindered, and even when he was sent to jail, Harrison found a way to break free.

He and his ballerina were the most brilliant people anyone had ever seen, and because they exploited such skills, were made to pay the ultimate price. Before these new laws were enforced, citizens of America would've died to have a certain look or figure. But now, in the year 081, talent, appearances and practically everything that makes us unique are forbidden. The opinions of these enforced handicaps are mixed, as these three examples show, from desire to indifference, and from indifference to vulgar hate. And yet, it is from these three main characters that we get a sense of what life in 081 might be like, and the real power behind Vonnegut's story.

Harrison Bergeron satirizes equality in this story through the use of characters. It shows us the differences and the minds of average civilians versus those of above-average ones. George is strapped with bothersome implements while Harrison is forced to disfigure himself to deem 'average' in appearance. It is satirical in this way, because futuristic America goes overboard with the desire for equality. The message is clear though, and it reminds us that we shouldn't try too hard to be equal in every way. Uniqueness, individuality and personality are what makes us so special, and this world so interesting.

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"TOO LITTLE DEMOCRACY IN THEPHILIPPINES"

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Claro M. Recto patterned the Philippine Constitution after the U.S. Constitution so that President Franklin D. Roosevelt would ratify the Tydings-McDuffie Act which would enable the Philippines to regain their freedom. President Roosevelt approved the Constitution because the purpose of benevolent assimilation was to teach the Philippines how to form and administer a Republican form of government that would recognize human rights. In accordance with the U.S. constitution, the Philippine Constitution is regarded as the supreme law which promotes democracy to which all laws are subordinate.

The word democracy arose from the Greek word, Demos, which means 'many' while the latter part of the word means 'rule' and so the word would come to mean 'Rule of Many'. However, it is obvious that the goal of democracy; the very foundation on which the ideology was built, is a concept that has not come to be realized in the Philippines. There are three important points that must be addressed before one can analyze democracy; that is that democracy for the people, by the people and of the people.

The first point implies that the aim of an efficient democratic government is to make sure that all citizens of the state enjoy the human rights which are inherent to them through the creation, implementation and interpretation of law as overseen by the executive, legislative and judiciary branches of government. The second point focuses on the source of power which is the people because government officials should represent the needs of the people while the third clarifies that these officials are, in essence, accountable to the people. Looking at the history of injustice, corruption and prevalent poverty, the problem is not that there is too much democracy but that there is too little because the concept of democracy is not understood or perhaps ignored by our so-called "public servants".

To prove this, we shall look at several historic events which are supposedly the manifestation of democracy. The first example of such is the EDSA Revolution which occurred in the nd of February 186. While many would argue that it is an example of too much democracy because the mob mentality asserted itself so much that it deposed Ferdinand Marcos, we shall take a different view. Let us first look at the reason why it occurred. So many allies of Marcos and his family profited from the misery of the people because they did not understand that they were suppose to serve the people.Do my essay on "TOO LITTLE DEMOCRACY IN THEPHILIPPINES" CHEAP !

After 6 years of ignorance of our rights, the people were clamoring for change. The people wanted to change the leaders of government because the government was self-serving, and inefficient. Marcos' purpose was to annihilate the power of the masses by having the elite control the society. The elite few were composed of his associates and family members. The control of the people were slowly transferred to the elite who possessed both wealth and political influence which allowed them to make political and economic decisions that would benefit themselves instead of the masses. In essence, they were the source and beneficiaries of power.

When former President Marcos was ousted, the primary aims of the Aquino administration was to destroy what the 'power structure' of Marcos left, to bring back the integrity of the society towards the government, and to put an end to the rebelliousness of the military and radicals. But unfortunately the Aquino administration wasn't able to accomplish its objectives. First of all, peace talks brought about nothing more than temporary solutions, the abundance of communist movements remained; despite the written settlements between the new government and the army, the army never acquired complete trust from the government; the violation of human rights worsened, finally, the revised constitution still favored the elite and the Aquino constitution did not wipe the power from the Marcos supporters. (Bakker, 17 pp.0-)

Another example is the Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA) II, which took place on the 17th of January 001. The primary reason for the gathering of most of the citizens during this incident was to remove the former President Joseph Estrada from his position. Let us look at the cause of why this occurrence really took place. Rumors emerged from different sections of the society suspected him for corrupting the whole nation, and having a big role in heading the scams that were going on during his reign as president. Both these rumors and statistics brought about the trial for his impeachment. The trial gave suspicion to the people by showing the possibility of Estrada in paying all his Senators under him to do everything they can to prove him not guilty. Suspicion of the people, both lay and elite, brought about chaos and therefore began the EDSA II. Therefore, the people lost their trust from the President which generally initiated the elite to influence a few of the low class to the ousting of Estrada in unity with them.

The administration of Estrada was handed down to his Vice president, Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo whose goals however, were not in whole accordance to the ousting of Estrada. She mostly continued the goals of Ramos' administration instead of Estrada's. Being an economist, she wanted to somewhat concentrate on bringing the economy upward, but her intentions weren't meant because of the chaos that has been going on in the world and in our own country. She also wanted to obtain stability among the citizens, but seeing the continuous threats and terrorism from rebellious groups it is easy for us to see that this objective of hers might never be achieved. She may have provided the Filipino citizens with solutions to these problems, yet it is obvious that the solution is just temporary that it would never be used by the succeeding president.

In conclusion to this argument, the Philippines has too little democracy because the people don't really understand what democracy is and what it should be. Even most of the former and present government officials, and the citizens do not understand what should be done for the country to be a democratic nation. There is no official fact that the officials do not know the exact meaning of democracy, or that they are just acting as if they truly understand what the nation should be doing in order for Filipinos to be democratic. It is obvious, however, that these officials are wise and intellectual for they were able to persuade the people to put them in their desired positions. What is not right, though, is that these officials are using there power of persuasion to convince the people that democracy is when they stand together against an official, instead of addressing them that democracy is actually when they control the government.

The examples of both People Powers are the best examples that show how Filipinos perceive democracy. For them, standing together against a government official is democratic; they never took time to realize what would happen to the nation once an official is replaced. In my opinion, democracy should be, if against an official, well thought about, but if the problem with the official is very insignificant, then the people does not need to rally but just needs to let the official realize what he should do for the better of the nation. The people, therefore, should never take for granted the petty mistakes of an official, for this simply shows how we take care of our nation as well. The people should also, always be reminded that they were the ones who placed the officials in their rightful positions, as a result, they should be responsible for what they have decided upon.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Agoncillo, Teodoro (10). History of the Filipino people. Quezon City Garotech

Publishing.

Bakker, Jan W. (17). The Philippines justice system. Netherlands Leiden University.

Hardin, Russell (1). Liberalism, constitutional, and democracy. New York Oxford

University Press, Inc.

Schumpeter, Joseph A. (176). Capitalism, socialism and democracy. New York

George Allen & Unwin, Inc.

Other sources

(1-15). Microsoft® Encarta® 6 Encyclopedia. Microsoft Corporation Funk &

Wagnalls Corporation.

(001). http//www.worldsocialist-cwi.org/index.html?/eng/001/014.html. Accessed

on August 11, 00

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Solidago

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The Value of Reproductive Structures and allocation to Growth in Solidago

Bio. 5 Dr. Willams

11/10/01

By, Jennifer JohnsonDo my essay on solidago CHEAP !

Jennifer Johnson

Bio.5

11/10/01

The Value of Reproductive Structures and Allocation to Growth in Solidago

INTRODUCTION

The purpose of this experiment was to see how plant allocation to growth changed after reproductive structures were removed. Production and maintinance od apical structures cost a plant considerable amounts of carbondioxide and nitrogen. Plant compensate for reproductive lose by putting more energy toward defense and stop growth. Aplant might grow more because it has excess energy The reproductive structures of the forbe Solidago (Golden Rod) were removed and the change in biomass and height were measured.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Four blocks, each containing four plots of 1m were set up in a feilds containing Solidago sp. The four plots in each block were ramdomly selected, making each plot a replicate. In each block two of the plots had removed buds (RO) and the other two plots the buds were not removed (NR). The number of live stems in each plot was recorded in late August and again in early October. The average biomass of a Soildago plant was calculated by measuring the dry weight of two Soildago plants near each plot The difference in biomass between October and August was calculated to get the average change in biomass for each plot. Six plants in each plot were randomly chosen and their height was recorded. The change in height from August to October was recorded. Total biomass for each plot was calculated by multiplying the average biomass of a Solidago by the number of stems in each plot.

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Australia and Human rights

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Human rights are the universally recognised interests, powers, liberties and entitlements associated with respect to human dignity and freedom. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights documents this definition and recognises the existence of Human rights. Since the formation of this declaration numerous treaties and declarations have branched from it developing our understanding of human rights.

International human rights have been developed over many centuries through the generation of customary international law and recently through the multilateral treaties and conventions developed specifically to address human rights issues.

International rights come in several main categories, which include civil and political rights, economic, social and cultural rights, environmental and peace rights and collective rights to self-determination. The first two categories are the two major categories initially recognised by international law in the mid 0th Century. The next two categories are the newest wave of human rights issues, arisen as a result of the agitation by developing countries.

International human rights can only take effect through domestic law. Thus making it somewhat controversial as it imposes duties on states in relation to individuals within their own territory.

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In Australia the executive government initially needs to ratify the treaty, convention or any other international instrument. Afterwards the Australian government, or executive, followed by enactment can directly accept the international instrument in question. The parliament will then incorporate the meaning of the international treaty into the domestic legislation via common law, statutes and in the state and Commonwealth constitutions.

Where the international human rights laws aren't incorporated into the words of an Act or judicial decision the international law may be used to assist in the interpretations of statutes and constitutions.

Under Common Law it is required that Administrative decisions must take into account international conventions to which Australia is a signatory. As demonstrated in the case of the Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs v Teoh (15), where the Federal court decided to grant Mr Teoh's application for residency in Australia despite his failure to meet character requirements under the Migration Act 158. The Court validated its decision by arguing that Mr Teoh's role as a father figure must be considered under the Convention on the Rights of the Child in any assessment of his application to remain in Australia.

Statute law ensures much of the Human rights protection in Australia. Various Acts concerning welfare, education, health and criminal matters have been introduced to ensure justice, fairness and equality within our society. Many of these such as the Racial discrimination Act (Cth) 175, and the Disability Discrimination Act (Cth) 1 are reflective of the human rights provisions.

Within the Australian Constitution there are stated protection's offered to individuals such as the right to vote and the right to trial by jury for serious offences.

Other avenues for protection include the Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission, the State and Federal Ombudsman, Privacy Commissioner, Anti-Discrimination Board, Administrative Decisions Tribunal and through the Federal Court for a full hearing of a case. Parliamentary committees and law reform bodies investigate the protection of human rights in Australia and make recommendations for change. The federal parliament's Human Rights Sub-committee established in 11, is an example of one such body.

However, there are still loopholes within the domestic system that have become evident recently, with the arousal of some delicate issues for which the government has faced harsh criticism.

The Australian public has voiced their concern about lack of protection from statute law, where some international human rights treaties have failed to become domestic law. The Commonwealth has the power to pass such legislation but it has been unwilling to interfere in what are often regarded as state matters. The Federal government's unwillingness to overturn the Northern Territory's mandatory sentencing is an example of this.

Other criticisms coming from the UN committees, aimed at the government lack of compassion for refugees and illegal immigrants and economic and social inequalities faced by ATSI people has been bluntly rejected by the government.

These criticisms have led to the suggestion that Australia should have its own bill of rights to ensure adequate protection of human rights. Another suggested reform is the creation of a single expert monitoring body in place of the current six specialist committees, and a proper resourcing of such a committee.

In conclusion it is evident that Australia has taken the first few steps in creating a democratic legal system that provides care and protection for its citizens, yet the legal system has failed many of its tests. The UN human rights system operates as some sort of safety net in the absence of a comprehensive Australian system for rights protection.

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First Language Acquistion

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Summary of First language acquisition

First language acquisition has a process in which a language is learned. The speed in which the language takes place is amazing. The first process is the basic requirements. The child must be able to receive and send sounds in a language. The infant should be able to make 'cooing' and 'babbling' noises. The interaction with others through language is a crucial requirement.

All normal children develop language at the same time which is part of the acquisition schedule. This is because all normal children have the same basis of development of motor skills. The infant learns his or her language acquisitions by the behavior of his or her caretakers in the home environment. Someone who spends a lot of time interacting with a child is called caretaker speech. Caretaker speech is a characterized by sentence structures and a lot of repetition. The more interaction with children changes and the child begins using more and more elaborate language.

The early stage of the 'cooing and babbling' is part of the three months pre-language stage. Theses sounds are part of the first recognizable sounds of consonants, as well as vowels. By six months the babbling sounds has recognizable syllable type sounds. Then at nine months you begin to recognize the intonation patterns of vowels and consonants combined. After the pre-language stages comes the one-word or holophrastic stage between twelve and eighteen months. This is because the child can use single terms uttered for everyday objects such as 'milk', 'cookie' and 'cup'. The term holophrastic is used when the child's single form acts a phrase or sentence. During this stage children use their limited vocabulary to refer to a large number of objects. When the child's vocabulary moves beyond fifty words he or she begins the two-word stage. This stage is seen around eighteen to twenty months. By the age of two, the child is capable of producing 00 or 400 distinct words, enabling the child to interact in 'entertaining' conversation and understanding with the principal caretaker. When the child reaches three, he or she has moved past a telegraphic speech by strings of lexical morphemes in phrases to a closer form of adult language. When the child starts learning more of the adult language it is not effective to correct how the child speaks. The child may start a process of overgeneralization. This is when the child starts adding �s to form plurals or adding �es to plural forms. It is critical to remember the child is working out how to use the language system while using it as means of communication.

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After the age of three and when the child is entering kindergarten he or she has acquired enough language to community in his or her environment. The child though is still obtaining pieces of his or her native language through out his or her childhood. By the age of five, the child has completed the basic part of the language acquisition process.

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ADA

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Introduction

Barriers to employment, transportation, public accommodations, public services, and telecommunications have imposed overwhelming economic and social costs on individuals with disabilities in the American society. By breaking down these barriers, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) enables society to benefit from the skills and talents of individuals with disabilities.

From accommodating sidewalk curbs to anti-discrimination protections in the workplace, the ADA has opened many doors to the disable workforce. In the workforce, the success of the ADA has affected the economy, employment practices and the employee's/employer's self worth.

Definition

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is a comprehensive civil rights law for people with disabilities. The ADA went into effect in 1 and it prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability against individuals with disabilities in employment, housing, education, and access to public services. ADA defines a disability as any of the following 1. ...a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more of the major life activities of the individual. . ...a record of such impairment. or . ...being regarded as having such an impairment.

Employment & Economics

According to Census survey 00 (enclosure 1), about ten percent of the United States population reports work-limiting disabilities. Nationally, about three percent of the employed population is disabled. As the U.S. labor force grows, a higher percentage of workers will have limiting disabilities. One of the objectives of the ADA was to increase employment opportunities for disabled Americans. There are forty-nine (4.7) million people with disabilities in the United States, all of whom are potential workers and consumers of products and services.

According to the census data, a large number of individuals are disabled, and if these individuals are not employed then the employment rate will be very high. Employing individuals with disabilities, lowers the unemployment rate, and at the same time affects the general economics of the country through a concept called "multiplier index." With more individuals employed, this means that there will be more money in the market place, which improves the overall economy. Having a robust economy, the employer can expect success in the market industry, because they chose to employ all qualified individuals that can perform the job.

Former president, Bill Clinton said that ...in a competitive global economy, our county doesnt have a single person to waste....I am strongly committed to full implementation and enforcement of the ADA....because...our entire nation will share in the economic and social benefits....from full participation of Americans with disabilities in our societies. An organization is in the profit making business, and in order to be productive and competitive in the arena of the product or service industry they require a qualified labor force.

A labor force is always, a leading factor of productivity in the accelerating profit curve. Advances in technology have expanded the opportunity of jobs that disabled workers could perform in the information age. A HR manager enters the job market and recruits applicants who possess the qualifications for performing the job. If a disable applicant is selected from the pool of qualified candidates, reasonable accommodation is identified if requested.

Not all employees with disabilities require any special accommodations. When accommodations are necessary, about twenty percent cost nothing, and fifty percent cost less than $500 according to Monster.com. There is a variety of national and community-based organizations that help employers identify low-cost or no-cost accommodation alternatives. Employers have always made adjustments in the workplace to accommodate the needs of non-disable employees and the same flexibility should be extended to people with disabilities.

An organization always looks for methods that will help generate a profit or decrease budget spending since some accessibility features can be costly. In order to facilitate the hiring, retention and accommodation of disabled employees, a number of tax incentives are available to employers to help offset related costs of accommodation. In short, ADA simply requires that employers figure out ways to keep disabled workers on the job or allow disabled workers to be hired like anyone else. The solution doesn't have to be expensive, and in some cases, can actually save the employer money for example

DEFICIENCY SOLUTION COST

Hearing Impaired plant Employee Telephone Amplifier $.5

Cerebral Palsy Employee Phone Headset $4.5

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Typist Ergonomically keyboards $65.00

Wheelchair Employee unable to reach height of desk Wood blocks under the desk $0.00

Another alternative is by "telecommuting." This concept allows the employee to work out of the home. In this case, the employer may only have to provide a computer to enable the employee to get the job done. Technology has increased and improved dramatically, that this alternative would generate positively to the revenue of the organization.

Although, some of the accommodations are for the disabled employees, others employees depending on the accommodation will utilize hence an organization can benefit from the direct correlation because the organization's workers' compensation costs would decrease e.g. ergonomic keyboards. Incorporation of an accessibility feature is a small price in relation to future economic benefits such as increased employment and consumer spending and decreased welfare dependency.

Improved Self Worth

Millions of Americans with disabilities want to work, and are capable of working, and can be productive members of the labor force. Disable workers have a real opportunity to experience the genuine rewards of work that would go a long way in enhancing the growth of the economy. Work in some aspects can be seen as a defining quality of an individuals self worth. Employability and having the aptitude for earning money are some measures of what it means to live and to be a part of the human race.

International Telephone and Telegraph surveyed a ,000-employee plant and found that the workers with disabilities had fewer absences than their co-workers. Surveys conducted by DuPont Corporation, the Department of Labor and other companies shows that employees with disabilities maintained safety records that equal or exceed those of their non-disabled peers, have lower turnover rates, absenteeism, and higher productivity. The bottom line is that workers with disabilities or non-disabilities have the same results because they are present to complete a job.

Workers with disabilities are motivated, capable and dependable. Another DuPont study showed almost 0 percent of workers with disabilities received good or excellent performance ratings from their managers. Working increases the independence of individuals with disabilities. It can also create challenges to personal growth and business success by focusing on the value of the differences of employees.

"Diversity" is part of the work force, and if an organization practices this concept, it can be seen as one of their greatest assets. Regardless of what product or service industry an organization competes in, a diverse employee environment relates profitability to the customers and in doing so generates increased revenue for the organization.

Allen, J. G., (1). Complying with the ADA A Small Business Guide to Hiring and Employing the Disabled. New York John Wiley and Sons Inc.

Bureau of Labor Statistics. (00). Disability Status-Census 000. Retrieved from the World Wide Web http//www.census.gov/hhes/www/disable/disabstatk/table1.

Business & Legal Reports. (00). Managing Workers with Disabilities. . Retrieved from the World Wide Web http//hr1.blr.com/article.cfm?id=4

Business & Legal Reports. (00). Resources for Hiring the Disabled. Retrieved from the World Wide Web http//hr1.blr.com/article.cfm?id=10

Diller, M., (000). Judicial Backlash, the ADA, and the Civil Rights Model. Retrieved from the World Wide Web http//www.boalt.org/BJELL/1-1/1-1-1.pdf

Herman, A.M., (001). Attitude Is Everything Employers Should Change How They Regard Workers with Disabilities. Retrieved from the World Wide Web http//equalopportunity.netscape.monster.com/articles/attitude/

Independent Connection. Using ADA in the Workplace. Retrieved from the World Wide Web http//www.ranknfile-ue.org/ic_ada.html

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Good essay

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I am in Mississippi, USA, i am 18 years old, 5 foot 7, 17 pounds, have dark brown hair, brown eyes, smooth body, and in good shape, i work out 5 times a week, or more if i find the time.

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I am down to earth, easy going, fun to be with and easy to get along with too, What I am looking for is someone who is 18+ years old, who is looking for friends, and take it from there, which is what i am looking for too, someone who is also down to earth, and is someone who is interested in getting to know me.Cheap Custom Essays on good essay

So if you are 18+ email me, and lets chat.

Talk to you soon

My name is Mike, and I am in Mississippi, USA, i am 18 years old, 5 foot 7, 17 pounds, have dark brown hair, brown eyes, smooth body, and in good shape, i work out 5 times a week, or more if i find the time.

I like sports, such as baseball, soccer, tennis, I also like to cycle, swim, go sailing, and going running too. I enjoy walks along the beach, going out to movies, dinner, dancing, and quiet evenings at home too, sometimes in front of a fire.

I am single, have no children, and live alone.

I am down to earth, easy going, fun to be with and easy to get along with too, What I am looking for is someone who is 18+ years old, who is looking for friends, and take it from there, which is what i am looking for too, someone who is also down to earth, and is someone who is interested in getting to know me.

So if you are 18+ email me, and lets chat.

Talk to you soon

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The reason for the tree of knowledge

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The existence of the Tree of Knowledge is in order to establish the order that God is God and human beings are not. While Adam and Eve are given charge over the Garden of Eden and given freedom to enjoy themselves, it would have been easy to start stop depending on God. Not eating of the forbidden tree served as a reminder that they were still in obedience to God.

Satan displays an extreme desire to be independent from God. Adam and Eve not eating of the forbidden fruit keeps them in check about who their master is and who they are subjugated to. This subjection to someone else is precisely what Satan cannot handle I 'sdained subjection" (ln. 50). This pride or refusal to depend on God - is his downfall "Till pride and worse ambition threw me down / Warring in Heav'n against Heav'n's matchless King" (ln. 40,41).

Satan even has a hard time believing that he was not self-begot. He does not even want to give someone else credit for his birth! He cannot stand the thought of owing something to someone. This attitude keeps him from accepting God's grace. Because grace is being given something that is undeserved, Satan's pride keeps him from being able to receive something he himself did not earn all on his own. He does not want a sense of dependence, even through gratitude "The debt immense of endless gratitude, / So burthensome still paying, still to owe" (ln. 5, 5).

In Christianity, to be saved, one must acknowledge his helplessness to save himself apart from God. There is nothing that a person can do to "earn his salvation." That is why one must receive grace something that is undeserved but given because God loves him. Everything thereafter is an act of dependence in the life of a Christian. Prayer is an ultimate act of dependence and submission to God's will ("Not my will but yours be done"). Everything is mindful of the fact that we are subjected to God. Without this step of admitting his utter helplessness to save himself, Satan cannot be saved by God "is there no place / Left for repentance, none for pardon left? / None left but by submission; and that word / Disdain forbids me, and my dread of shame..." (ln. 7-8).

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I think that the Tree of Knowledge, more than a test of love for God, is better seen as God saying something like, "I am giving you, my creation, a paradise to live in and I am providing every means for you to be happy. True freedom is happiness, so I am giving that to you. But you have the choice to disobey and though this may be seen as a freedom, it is only going to lead to death and misery, which is not true freedom. I am giving you everything you need. So you are not being deprived by not eating of this one tree. It is there to remind you that you cannot do everything as if you are God. You must remember that you are not God. Only I am God. It is a picture of your submission to me, which is ultimately your happiness because that is the way you were created to be."

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A report into the costs and benefits of winter sports in Courmayeur and - suggestion for improvements

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Winter tourism, often incorporated with winter sports has pros and cons to all three main aspects of tourism economic, cultural and environmental. Courmayeur is located in the mountains region of Italy where winter sports such as alpine skiing and cross-country skiing are the main attraction. And like a chain reaction, winter resorts are constructed to house these tourists.

Firstly, winter sports in Courmayeur are beneficial to the locals economically. With these new constructions of winter resorts for active tourists, employment increased especially among the younger population. This halted the migration of local inhabitants from the region. Since better and more efficient roads, water supplies, and sewerage are needed and built by the resorts to satisfy their international visitors, the local inhabitants also benefit from these new improved infrastructures. Indirectly, the standard and quality of the life of the local people have raised as better wages outtakes the earnings from traditional farming and forestry. Lastly, the facilities provided for tourists such as swimming pools and ice rinks, are also entitled to the local residents.

It is true that it is generally positive that the standard of the resident's life has improved. However, with salaries that pays much higher than traditional farming and forestry, there will be much more leisure time, disposable income, and car ownership. The area already being affected by global warming, increasing the numbers of car ownership will only worsen the problem. The government did attempt to build public and less polluting forms of transportation, such as the train, however only one in every six tourists will travel by train.

However, the constructions of winter resorts greatly affect the mountainous environment and the community's traditional way of life. Many small mountain villages were stressed by the increased demand for water, adequate sewage disposable, communications systems such as telephones, television and mail, as well as medical services, improved road services, shops, and restaurants, etc. Overbuilding and stressing the system will cause damage to the environment. Water quality and levels are changed, large portions of forests are destroyed for ski slopes and roads may easily cause erosion to mountain topsoil, mud slides, avalanches and disturbing the local flora and fauna. Therefore, several hundred species of animals and plans face possible extinction. Furthermore, although improved roads will make traveling more convenient, the presence of roads in these mountainous areas will lead to other problems such as traffic congestions, and heavy emissions of carbon dioxide, which may trigger acid rain.

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With recent effects of global warming, the recent winters in Italy were drier with less amounts of snowfall. This increases the skiing tourists to travel higher up the mountain to ski, which is the most fragile part of the mountain. Therefore, as a solution, artificial snow was created. However, the snow cannons that creates the man-made snow, other than causing noise pollution, it uses millions of gallons of water, altering the water levels suddenly in nearby lakes, disturbing the animal and plants life around and in the lakes such as hibernation cycles.

Normally five million beds are needed in winter resorts, which indicate Italy has ignored the carrying capacity of the mountainous region.

Winter sports itself is not a sustainable activity. However, we could create many plans to make winter sports more sustainable to the region. Areas that could be improved on are acid rain, artificial snow, ski lifts, traffic control and 'tourists' control. Although trains are provided in the region, once again, only 1/6 or 16.6% of the tourists are helping the environment. Therefore, ski resorts must not allow individual traveling but promote the uses of their shuttle buses. This way, roads do not need to be expanded, less cars are used which lowers the emission of carbon dioxide, which decreases the effect of acid rain. Artificial snow should not be carried out anymore. It is just too damaging to the environment and it is very impractical to sacrifice the natural environment for a few flicks of snow. Ski resorts should minimize their construction of ski lifts because it wastes unnecessary space. 1.5 million skiers an hour use ski lifts at the height of winter season. This is an overload. Finally, I think Courmayeur need to monitor the amounts of arriving and departing tourists and identify how many is too much for the mountain.

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Josef Abrams

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SUBJECT Josef Abrams

Engagement Issues and Conclusions

Facts Josef Abrams paid $0,000 during the year for his children to attend Jewish schools. Abrams deducted $18,000 on his tax return based on the argument that 60% of his children's instruction was religious and related to the contributions to the temple for conducting its religious functions. He did not deduct the 40% of tuition that was related to secular education. Abrams presented his argument according to the case in which the IRS allowed members of the Church of Scientology to deduct the portion of fees paid to the church that were related to religious education. According to Abrams, a disallowance would constitute unequal application of the law.

Issues Should Mr. Abrams be allowed to deduct the $18,000, or any, that he declares went towards religious functions?Buy Josef Abrams term paper

Authority Section 170 or the IRC defines charitable contributions and general rules that apply. Section 170 (c)()(B) defines a charitable contribution as "organized and operated exclusively for religious, charitable, scientific, literary, or educational purposes."

Rev. Rul. 70-47, 170-1 CB 4. The ruling identifies "pew rents, building fund assessments, and periodic dues paid to a church (an organization described in section 170(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 154) are all methods of making contributions to the church, and such payments are deductible as charitable contributions within the limitations set out in section 170 of the Code."

Hernandez v. Commissioner 40 U.S. 680 (18). The Supreme Court held on the record presented that payments for auditing to the Church of Scientology were not deductible as charitable contributions because they represented a quid pro quo. The payer was receiving goods or services in return for the payment. The taxpayer in Hernandez had argued that the disallowance of the auditing payments represented an impermissible failure by the IRS to consistently enforce Section 170, relying on various revenue rulings. However, the Supreme Court rejected this contention because the record therein did not support it.

Michael and Marla Sklar v. Commissioner, TC Memo. 000-118, 7 TCM 1815 The Court stated that the value of a gift may be excluded from gross income only if the gift proceeds from a "detached and disinterested generosity" or "out of affection, admiration, charity, or like impulses." However, the Court ruled against Sklar and disallowed the deduction. The payments were identified in the nature of tuition for petitioners children, a personal expense. The payments were mandatory for tuition and therefore not deductible.

Conclusions Josef Abrams should not be allowed to deduct the $18,000 on his tax return. The payments made by Abrams were not made out of detached and disinterested generosity or out of affection, admiration, charity, or like impulses. The payer was receiving goods or services in return for the payment as in Hernandez v. Commissioner. According to Section 170, the contributions must be exclusively for religious purposes and in this case it was not. Along the same lines as Michael and Marla Sklar v. Commissioner, the payments were mandatory as tuition and hence not deductible.

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Drinking

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Drinkning Life to the Lees

The lees of a drink implies alcohol content. The lees are the sediment that settle to the bottom of wine during fermentation. Drinking life to the lees could be taken several ways. The context of this quote is very important. Fortunatley, I have no way of knowing in what context this quote was spoken so I will be allowed to explore this in two ways.

First and formost I will venture in a abiblical direction. Psalms 758 proclaims that "In the hand of the Lord is a cup full of foaming wine mixed with spices; he pours it out, and all the wicked of the earth drink it down to the very dregs." The dregs of wine is synonymous with the lees. One could infer that the person giving the advice of drinking life to the lees is an embodiment of the Devil. The drinking life to the lees in this context is sinful. It exemplifies greed and gluttony. However, this is probably not the way I am supposed to take this quote.

So to get back on topic I will lean towards the metaphorical. Drinking life to the lees is to take full advantage of what has been set in front of you. In this sense, everyone should drink life to the lees. With life comes the good and the bad. One can't expect to only have the good. The lees of life are necessary to get to the best parts. Just as wine canty be fermented without lees, the bad parts of life are what puts us into position to enjoy the good. From hard work comes reward. With out hard work, the reward isn't as sweet.Custom Essays on Drinking

In short drinking life to the lees is taking every opportunity thqat comes your way. A wise person drinks life to the lees. The ones that understand the circular flow of life drinks life to the lees. Life is relative, and good would have no meaning if there isn't bad.

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Annexation of BC to USA

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American annexation or Canadian confederation? This was the question that British Columbia was faced with during the 1860¡¦s. At this time, British Columbia was undergoing a great depression due to an under populated colony ruled by a very expensive government. Many argued that annexation would remedy this and turn British Columbia into a prosperous state and that confederation is only giving false promises of a great

government. The following will promote annexation over confederation stating the

pros and cons of both.

British Columbia at the time was in a financial and economical crisis. This was mainly because of the fact that the colony was being taxed into severe poverty by an extravagant and irresponsible form of government and instead of the population gradually rising, it¡¦s actually been declining for the early part of the 1860¡¦s. Land value has been cut 50% since 10 years ago and people seeking profit in an untapped market only gained tremendous losses. Another factor for the current status of the colonies is its vast distance from the home government and even longer to the mother land; England. The colony was in a dead end and the only way to run around was either annexation or confederation.Order Custom Essay on Annexation of BC to USA

Annexation seemed to be the logical choice at the time because of the fact that British Columbia was so close to the United States, from whom they did most of their trade with, there was one problem with this. Free trade hasn¡¦t been established between the United States and the colony. In fact everything that we can produce is taxed so large that with the exception of a very few insignificant articles, we have not the remotest hope of ever supplying our American neighbors. With that, the colonists felt that unless confederation could bring free trade within all of North America, Annexation is in there best interest. It offered more than confederation could. The colonists believed that once annexation took place, the island would no longer be depending on the fitful and transient excitement of gold mines and beginning mining the other minerals, which lie almost untouched, would be immediately brought to the surface of the earth, and become exports of value and prominence. Population would immediately flow into the country, and the real estate would quadruple its value in less than six months. This seemed to be a very likely event because all throughout the American pacific coast, Prosperity and success seemed to share a common bond. The Americans also saw British Columbia as a more valuable asset to themselves than it could be to Canada or Great Britain. Major General Henry, W. Halleck, Commander of the military division of the pacific wrote ; The only other remedy suggested is to extinguish by purchase and treaty with the British claim to all territory west of the Rocky Mountains. With this, included a list of reasons and specific points to how British Columbia would benefit under American rule. 1) The territory is of little value to the British Government ) That it can never be colonized by British subjects. ) That it would be or much greater value to us than the Great Britain. 4) That its transfer to us would remove all subjects of dispute and irritation on that frontier and tend to a lasting peace. 5) That such a transfer would reduce the expenses for military defense for both parties. 6) That its annexation is desired by the people of British Columbia. All these are valid and reasonable points such as number one this territory is of no value to Great Britain because for one thing, British Columbia was too far away, this would result in a minimal amount of European immigrants, trade, and understanding of the colonies crisis and policies. And Number five that such transfers would reduce the expenses for military defenses for both parties . This was true because with the pacific coast virtually controlled by only the Americans, less naval military vessels would be needed to defend the pacific and the Rocky Mountains would provide a suitable barrier between British Columbia and the rest of Canada.

Confederation, however did offer some benefits to British Columbia, such as a railroad that was promised to be built within 15-0 years. On the other hand ¡K Americans would already have coast to coast railways and one would end up in New Westminster. Confederation also promises a responsible government who will look at the peoples needs. But this seemed highly impossible mainly because British Columbia was such a minority when compared to the rest of Canada and its great distance from Ottawa. The people of the colony were afraid that they may be abandoned at any time. And that the benefits of the larger provinces of Canada, will always take precedence of those in British Columbia. The Colonists knew that change was inevitable, but they wanted to change for the better instead of changing the name of the government but remaining no different than before.

Overall, annexation was the more favorable choice for British Columbia¡¦s future. It offered all that confederation could and then some. Such as better economical support like free trade with the rest of the United States, a railroad system, and a better form of government. All of which would lead British Columbia into a prosperous and bright future.

Please note that this sample paper on Annexation of BC to USA is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Annexation of BC to USA, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on Annexation of BC to USA will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Year following the war of 1812

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The years following the War of 181, also known as the "Era of Good Feelings," was considered as a time of exceptional growth and development in the United States, but it may be considered a time of evolution in American nationalism. The war of 181 was a very problematic war. States did not do their duties. The commanders and leaders were also not informed or supplied enough to keep up with the war. But what happened during this time and after is something better then victory. The war wasn't just about Britain holding land and impressing American sailors into their navy. It was also a second war for independence. It was the first war for America as a united country, and it was a small new nation against a large European empire. For the first time, we were united, not a fight for our homes and freedom, but for ideals.(The Awakening of American Nationalism, AAN).

The war of 181 began a long time before war was declared. It began right after the war of Independence. The British were not to happy that we broke away from their empire, and they soon figured out that many revolts were because we had fought and won. They taxed our merchants, and attacked our ships, but they messed up when they began to impress our sailors into their navy. They claimed that these people had "deserted" the royal navy and should be taken back. They may have been right a few times, but it has been proven that many innocent people were forced to be in the royal navy.

On June , 1807, the English frigate Leopard attacked the United States frigate Chesapeake, and took from her certain of her sailors who, the Leopard's captain claimed, were British citizens. (John K. Mahon, The War of 181) This is what made us want to go to war. Many citizens wanted war, but Jefferson, thought that there would be problems going to war with Britain, so he tried to calm the public. Congress began to prepare for war, by authorizing the construction of 0 war ships.

France and Britain, Europe's two most powerful nations, had battled almost non-stop since 17, and their war affected American trade. Hostilities began during the French Revolution (178-17), when England joined other European nations in an unsuccessful attempt to restore the French monarchy, and then continued as Britain led the efforts to stop French expansion under Napoleon I. American presidents from Washington to Madison tried to keep the United States impartial during these conflicts, but both France and Britain flagrantly disregarded the rights of neutral countries (War of 181).

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For the Americans, the problem was Britain's impressment, or the seizure of American sailors for service in the British navy. The British government claimed that it only seized subjects sailed with Americans to avoid wartime service in their own navy. the British seized anyone not just their own people, they also impressed a bunch of United States citizens,

The problem of impressment got bigger after an incident between the American naval frigate Chesapeake and a British ship, the Leopard. In June 1807 the Leopards crew demanded to board and search the Chesapeake only a few miles off the American coast and for British deserters. The Chesapeake's commander, James Barron, refused, and the Leopard opened fire. American sailors were killed and wounded during the attack, and the Chesapeake surrendered. The British then sent a party aboard and dragged four sailors from the ship. After the attack, Jefferson ordered British warships to leave American waters and demanded them to stop the impressment of American sailors. The British did make some apologies and restitution for the Chesapeake-Leopard incident, but continued to claim the right to seize American ships and inspect them for deserters. (War of 181)

Despite the problems, the U.S. Navy finally won some fights at sea, making up for some of the loses on land. A strong American squadron under Commodore John Rodgers made a sweep through the Atlantic ocean after the declaration of war. They only found one enemy ship, which escaped, but later in the year three U.S. warships were more successful.

The War of 181 was a victory. On February 0 President Madison sent a message to Congress about the treaty of peace. He congratulated the nation for the end of the war waged with the success which is the natural result of the wisdom of the legislative councils, of the patriotism of the people, of the public spirit of the militia, and of the valor of the military and naval forces of the country.

The Battle of New Orleans was fought after the two sides signed the peace treaty, it was the war's most famous battle. The navy was popular for many years after the battle, but the outcome of the Battle of Lake Champlain did not get recognized for another generation.

The principal gain for the United States was a renewed self-confidence and faith in the ability of its military to defend the nation's freedom and honor. (In the Midst of Perpetual Fetes The Making of American Nationalism,) Although no one came away from the war victorious, America saw the War of 181 as the success of the democracy. The War of 181 proved to the country that it could now protect itself from foreign threats

Many people felt a good about the country at this time. They had fought against one of the strongest empires of Europe and pretty much defeated them. They did not win, but they did not lose either. They had enough energy to get the job done, then afterwards they did not try to build a better military to start in another conflict. Nothing had been lost, but nationalism had been gained. Americans saw this time as a time for their economy to grow, and to build their own empire.

But our country showed something that was never seen before, unity. This was the first war that everyone had fought as an American. They were the first generation after the revolution that had never seen combat. Thats why so many mistakes were made, but it was also why the United States was for the first time in its history, fought together. Though some of the states like Massachusetts decided not to fight for the federal government unless their state was invaded, they still fought when they were needed.

The war debt did not matter to most of the people. Though it did put America in a billion-dollar debt, with the exploding market it would be paid off in no time. Americans wanted to build a better nation, and most were together in trying to do that. They realized that being divided made them weak during wartime and no way to win. But they also realized that they did not want to become a world power. America went into complete isolation and did not come out of it until after the Spanish-American war.

Americans began to move west during this time. They did not want to be kept in their small towns. They wanted their own farm large enough to make them rich. More problems were made with the Indians. Many of the Indians did not want to be moved away from their land. Most were forced off, either by federal troops or just by the amount of people that were moving to there land.

We did not have many possessions overseas, and we did not want to conquer any established nation. We were an empire for democracy and an empire of wealth. There has been many empires come and go, fail and succeed. But no one has ever had the merchants make the empire. No one had seen a democracy build such a vast empire of traders and merchants since the time of Rome. Truly, this was an accomplishment to be proud of. (This Sacred Trust American Nationality.)

It is impossible to deny that the war of 181 had a lot of impacts on our nation. The nation grew and changed in a way that most Americans back then could not even think of. Weather they liked it or not, they all were alike in one way or another. The United States had changed into a better country; it could no longer be denied its goals. People had become proud of the nation, and that was the most important step in keeping together. If no one believed in a nation, how could it survive?

Commager, Henry Steele. Jefferson, Nationalism, and the Enlightenment. New

York G. Braziller, 175.

George Dangerfield. The Awakening of American Nationalism; New York, Harper and Row, Copywrite 165.

John K. Mahon. The War of 181; New York, Da Capo Press,. Copywrite 17.

Nagel, Paul C. This Sacred Trust American Nationality, 178-188. New

York Oxford University Press, 171.

Waldstreicher, David. In the Midst of Perpetual Fetes The Making of

American Nationalism, 1776-180. Chapel Hill University of North Carolina

Press, 17.

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First ESL essay

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Dear Sabine,

I would like you to meet Bonnie, my new ESL classmate. Even though we have just known each other through our short conversation in class today, I can tell that she is a very interesting and energetic person.

Bonnie is originally from Hong Kong and has been studying at Foothill College for six months. She majors in Journalism, which I can tell she is enthusiastic about. Unlike most other business students from Hong Kong, who are always calm and quiet, Bonnie is pretty talkative and friendly. Her enthusiasm in our conversation made me feel like I wanted to draw more into talking with her. That's why we did not run out of things to talk, which often happens for most of people in their first meeting.

Bonnie loves to go shopping or surf the Internet when she has free time. She also told me that she loves going to clubs. But since she's now living in a country that has strict age limit rules, she cannot enjoy her time partying like she used to do when she lived in Hong Kong. As she was telling me, there's no age limit in Hong Kong so every kid can hang out with his or her friends at clubs. More than that, she told me all the recreational places in Hong Kong are open until 00 in the morning, which is quite different from the US. Most places here close at 00 in the evening.

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" I'm kinda disappointed about the US. People here go to bed so early and it's so boring."

I guess it's a pretty common feeling among international students, because I do feel the same way. Entertainment in the US often concentrates at some certain places that are far away from residential areas. They don't spread out all over the city like in Hong Kong and other Asian cities.

Regardless, Bonnie still likes it here because she feels she has more freedom. Bonnie said that her host family does not care what time she gets home or how late she goes out at night. Normally, if she lived with her parents then she would not be allowed to go out late. But ever since she arrived here, no one has been in charge of her anymore, except herself. She is the one that has to be responsible for herself. She and I both agree that is a good experience for teenagers. It not only helps us to develop our own sense of responsibility but also gives us more freedom to make the choices that can teach us about responsibility, such as mistakes that we learn from.

Getting to know Bonnie was a very pleasant experience for me. It gave me the chance to make a new friend and know more about different cultures in the world. After talking to her and other students, I realized that even though international students have various feelings about living in the US, the culture shock from being transplanted into a different lifestyle is still a common factor among us. Getting over it or adapting to it is each student's choice.

The important idea is that you have to create something new to keep your study-abroad experience fresh and entertaining.

This is what I got from the conversation with Bonnie today. I hope I have further opportunities to get to know people in the class so I can share those experiences with you.

Best regards,

Khoa Nguyen

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Dualism and Skepticism Overviews

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The debate between dualists and physicalists is one of especially interesting qualities. A dualist is a philosopher that believes that the human mind consists of two very distinct, individual and intertwined pieces. One piece is the physical brain. Chemical reactions and electrical impulses course through the brain in order to produce sensations through the body. Combined with these physical characters is a soul, or an organism that interprets these impulses in the brain. According to the dualist, it is the soul that creates the individual and unique sensations inside your brain. On the other hand, a physicalist would argue that the experiences occurring in the brain, are nothing more than that, physical impulses. You taste the chocolate, the brain interprets the different impulses, the taste is created, and that is that. Nothing further, no soul involved, nothing more elaborate than the brain.

Physicalists argue that explanations for tastes and brain functions will be explained through scientific research, such as atomic structures and chemical makeups have been researched and proven through science, in essence saying that physicalists have no theory for their beliefs, rather they choose to wait for science to verify their beliefs. On the other hand, a dualist replies to such an argument that those processes of science would not provide a necessary answer to the dilemma. A dualist points out that the two processes are completely different. On the one hand, when a scientist breaks down the chemical makeup of a substance, he does only that, understands what makes up that particular material. There is no explanation as to the cause of a particular taste, feel, or view of the object. Why does it look the way it does to me [the dualist]? Why does it affect my [the dualist] taste buds in this way?

Both arguments make very valid points, however I tend to lean towards Nagel's approach that perhaps there is no soul, but that the brain has something more than just a physical process inside of it, that it operates on a mental plane (pg. 4). This would explain the learned approach to certain situations. When you experience something that causes pain, your brain creates a reaction that tells your body it's hurt. However, how is it that we learn to avoid the action that brought us pain? Leaning towards Nagel's non-soul/mental observation, perhaps the brain does operate on a level other than strictly physical. This would explain how schools of fish, or dolphins learn to defend themselves against sharks, while humans combine to form powerful nations in order to provide themselves with security and whatnot.

The brain is a very complex organism, and it's true operations are still a mystery to man. Both physicalists and dualists provide valid arguments as to their though processes, however, neither sit completely well with me, and I tend to lean towards a physical organism that operates on more than one plane; on a physical plane as well as a mental one.Custom Essays on Dualism and Skepticism Overviews

Skepticism, from what I'm gathering, is the equivalent to that immature little brother we all know and have to love. The arguments of a skeptic are virtually the same as those of a child. "Nuh uh." "How do you know?" "Why is that?" "So what?" "And?" It is a mass of mindless arguments that there seems to be no answer to.

According to Nagel, a skeptic is someone who believes that "You can't know on the basis of what's in your mind that there's no world outside it." "There may or may not be an external world, and if there is it may or may not be completely different from how it seems to you there's no way for you to tell." When approached with the argument that there must be some form of external causes to explain our experiences, they counter by saying that these "experiences" are unclear to a person because they have never been experienced directly. All experiences are taken in through observation by the mind.

Therefore the argument stands that the mind might still be creating the world you believe you are in. This leaves you without any concept for comparison. As Nagel put it "Impressions and appearances that do not correspond to reality must be contrasted with others that do correspond to reality, or else the contrast between appearance and reality is meaningless." He then goes on to say "He is kidding himself, because it couldn't be true that the physical world doesn't really exist, unless somebody could observe that it doesn't exist."

Skepticism therefore seems to fall to the views of verificationism. Verificationism allows the establishment of ideas through comparisons of what we are familiar with. Skeptics believe that the mind is something prone to miscommunication of what it observes; thereby allowing reality to be completely different from what it takes in. This view is somewhat far fetched, because at the same time that it says the brain mistakes what it sees, it attempts to claim that the brain creates all you see. So you are faced with an absent minded professor. Brilliant in his ideas, with no idea what he is saying. This sort of contradiction tends to make skepticism a harder view to listen to as well as accept.

Please note that this sample paper on Dualism and Skepticism Overviews is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Dualism and Skepticism Overviews, we are here to assist you. Your cheap college papers on Dualism and Skepticism Overviews will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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E-Business Model Paper

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Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION

PURE PLAY

AMAZON

ENTERPRISE LEVEL 4

TARGET 5

BUSINESS PROCESSES LEVEL 5

INTEL.COM 6

ACTIVITY LEVEL 7

GOODWILL 7

REFERENCES

e-Business Model Paper

Introduction

Mohan Sawhney's "level of commitment to e-business" pyramid offers a number of opportunities for businesses to achieve value and generate revenue using information technology. This report assesses why Amazon, Target, Intel, and Goodwill chose the level of commitment provided in the assignment.

Pure Play

A pure play business is one that began conducting business strictly via the Internet. Even if a business has subsequently added a brick-and-mortar presence, it is still considered a pure play entity. These types of entities face significant challenges acquiring customers that have been loyal to the brick-and-mortar companies in the past. The way to keep up is by changing the rules of traditional business models to adapt to an e-business' needs.

Let us look at Amazon.com, which is considered a pure play company.

Amazon

Amazon.com was founded by its CEO, Jeff Bezos, and opened its virtual doors in July of 15. Since then it has grown to become a Fortune 500 company. Its mission statement is "…to be earths most customer centric company; to build a place where people can come to find and discover anything they might want to buy online." Amazon has made endeavors to offer its customers the lowest possible prices by selling millions of unique new, used and collectible items in categories such as apparel and accessories, electronics, computers, kitchen and house wares, books, music, DVDs, videos, cameras and photo items, office products, toys, baby items and baby registry, software, computer and video games, cell phones and service, tools and hardware, travel services, magazine subscriptions and outdoor living items.

Amazon.com works best as a pure play company, and has clearly chosen this level of commitment because of the global reach that can take advantage of the gigantic inventory of products that the company can provide its customers. The challenges that face pure plays, such as establishing a customer base as a new brand, are tackled by Amazon's commitment to low prices and vast product selection. Its website has customizable features to enhance the experience of the customer.

Amazon.com will most likely not be establishing any brick-and-mortar presence anytime soon, but they are constantly expanding their internet presence. Amazon also owns the IMDB (Internet Movie Database) website and announced on June 6, 00 the launching of two new stores Software and Computer & Video Games to be found on Amazon.ca.

Enterprise Level

The enterprise level involves click-and-mortar businesses that have opportunities involved with direct selling, e-commerce, online brokers, portals, selling agents, online agents, reverse auctions, manufacturer's agents, shopping agents, catalog aggregator, and virtual malls. Many of these factors are merely the ways in which products are presented and sold. For instance

ɨ Catalog aggregator many catalog companies join together to create a new searchable database for buyers

ɨ Shopping Agents assist consumers with finding specific products at the best prices online

ɨ Virtual Malls multiple online merchants are hosted at a website.

Target operates at the enterprise level with its target.direct and resembles a virtual mall.

Target

In 16, Target was brought to life by Dayton's department store to fill the demand for a store that would sell less expensive products in a quick and convenient format.

Unlike most other mass merchandisers, we have department store roots. Target was the first retail store to offer well-known national brands at discounted prices. In the 0s, Target launched its first Target Greatland® store and through the years its following was the Club Wedd bridal and Lullaby Club gift registry, the SuperTarget store, and the Target Guest Card. It was inevitable for Target to go online, so it did just that with target.direct at target.com.

At target.com, you will experience a virtual mall made up of the Dayton companies, Target, Marshall Fields, and Mervyns. Target.direct provides this virtual mall to provide customers with one stop shopping for their e-shopping convenience.

Business Processes Level

Companies that fall under this level have opportunities to participate or provide e-business methods to manage customer relations and to achieve effective customer retention. These opportunities are within Customer Relationship Management (CRM), Knowledge Management (KM), Supply Chain Management (SCM), Community Building Online, Database Marketing (DM), Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), and Mass Customization.

ɨ CRM retaining customers through strategies that ensure satisfaction and frequency of transactions

ɨ KM transforming a company's data into useful information and knowledge

ɨ SCM delivering products more efficiently to customers through the coordination of the distribution channel

ɨ Community Building using the website to draw customers by posting e-mails of having chat capability

ɨ Database Marketing using information about customers to increase profits

ɨ ERP Back-office systems for order entry, invoicing, and inventory control

ɨ Mass Customization ability to customize marketing mixes to the individual level

Intel.com falls under this level because its use of some of the above listed factors on its website as part of its e-business model.

Intel.com

Innovation is the principle that led its founders to create the worlds first microprocessor in 171. Thanks to that innovation, technology now allows business travelers to connect wirelessly to their company's network while waiting to board a plane and it allows managers to deliver training electronically to employees at their desks. Intel provides the building blocks, including wireless networking and next-generation computing and communications architectures, for products that make people more productive virtually anytime, anywhere.

Intel's goal is to be the preeminent building block supplier to the worldwide Internet economy. Its chips, boards and other semiconductor components are the building blocks integral to computers, servers, and networking and communications products. These components, which offer products at various levels of integration, allow customers flexibility to create advanced computing and communications systems.

The Intel.com website entails a community section as well as conscious efforts of CRM strategies, such as search and support capabilities, to manage and retain customers.

Activity Level

Businesses at this level can have the following opportunities

ɨ Order processing

ɨ Online purchasing

ɨ Email

ɨ Content publisher

ɨ Business Intelligence (BI)

ɨ Online Advertising

ɨ Online Sales

ɨ Dynamic pricing strategies

taken from http//www.nd.edu/~mkt84/mark461/powerpoints/1

Goodwill participates in content publishing on their website www.goodwill.org.

Goodwill

"Goodwill Industries International is a network of 07 community-based, autonomous member organizations that serves people with workplace disadvantages and disabilities by providing job training and employment services, as well as job placement opportunities and post-employment support." (www.goodwill.org) Goodwill funds their missions by the collection of donated clothing and household goods and then they sell these goods in their 1,00 retail stores. They also provide contract labor services to business and government, and receive funding from donations and corporate, foundation and government grants.

Goodwill uses e-mail communications by posting their "Working!" magazine on their website. Working! Magazine chronicles the organizations involvement in job training and other career services, as well as news about our contract services and Goodwill retail stores. This information is taken from testimonials of Goodwill graduates, programs and services, and community partnerships success stories. By having this publication online, the cost of printing and distribution are lowered.

References

Amazon 00 Annual Report. Retrieved June 8, 00, from www.amazon.com

Goodwill Website. Retrieved June 8, 00, from www.goodwill.org.

Intel 00 Annual Report. Retrieved June 8, 00, from www.intel.com

Strauss, J. et al. (00). E-Marketing, rd Edition; Chapter Strategic E-Marketing. Retrieved June , 00, from http//www.nd.edu/~mkt84/mark461/powerpoints/1

Target 00 Annual Report. Retrieved June 8, 00 from www.target.com

Please note that this sample paper on e-Business Model Paper is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on e-Business Model Paper, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on e-Business Model Paper will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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