Why was Africa colonised in the years 1870-1914?

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Introduction

Before 1870 the African continent was not unknown to the rest of the world. Africans had been trading directly with the Europeans and Americans before 1500. The possible reasons behind colonialism that have been suggested include missionary, technology, and Imperial rivalry.

It is important to try to distinguish between the difference in the terms colonialism and imperialism. They have often been exchanged such that they follow the same meaning. However the English Oxford dictionary definition implies that colonialism is a method of establishing colonies while imperialism is defined as a policy or practice of extending a states rule over other territories.

To remain a great nation or to become one, you must colonise French statesman Leon Gambetta (Joll 10, p.81) Write your Why was Africa colonised in the years 1870-1914? research paper

The interest in Africa had begun long before 1870. The British had a key interest in Egypt while the French had occupied Algeria since the Early 180s. However regardless of the fact that the Europeans had a foot in Africa they still felt the need to set some ground rules for the scramble of her land. This was achieved via the international Berlin Conference during 1884-1885. One of the main reasons behind the conference seemed to be due to be the British occupation of Egypt in 188. This had aggrieved other powers, as they wanted to claim terriorty elsewhere.

The reasons for the colonisation of Africa are vast, as the demand and manner of colonisation varied from country to country.

It has been argued that one of Britains main needs for land in Africa was result of her need to protect India from political threat and secure routes to India. India was the Brightest Jewel in the Imperial Crown (Hobsbawn 1, p.6), which resulted in her being a focal point in the British foreign policy. This seemed to drive the British scramble for Africa during 1880s and 180s. An example of this was the construction of the Suez Canal, which resulted in the formation of a much shorter and safer route to India after 186. Thus Egypt became a great stragertical importance to Britain. Although British occupation of Egypt in 188 had originally been the result to protect investor interest in Egypt, its retention was seen to be due to the fact that it was of vital section to the route to India. The further expansion in Central and East Africa appeared to be the result of British preoccupation with regards to the security of Egypt. Of significant importance was the Upper Nile, as control of this by a rival power would lead to the loss of control of the water supply on which the whole of Egyptian economic life depended.

Germany and Italy need to expand into Africa seem to be a matter of national prestige rather then an economic advantage. During the late 1880s and early 100s Italy was a vastly overpopulated nation. A great number of the Italian citizens travelled abroad to find work. Thus the concept of having an empire in North Africa (Tunisia being less then 100 miles away from Sicily) was seen an opportunity for land in which the Italians could settle, similar to the French settlers in Algeria. However most importantly it provided an opportunity to create a new Roman Empire in terriority that had been once of Ancient Romes richest provinces. The Italian idea was destroyed when the French had obtained a protective over Tunisia in 1881. By 180 the Italians had control in Eritrea and Somaliland. After the Emperor of Ethiopia had denounced his treaty with the Italians, they chose to attack Ethiopia, which lead to there defeat at Adowa. This had lead to a hatred of the idea of colonies in Italy and the embarrassment felt by many Italian people played a significant part in why Mussolini attacked Ethiopia in 15.

The Germans need for African land was not the result of economic requirements but more a sense of dissatisfaction at his position in the world during the end of the 1th century. The colonies Germany obtained in South West Africa and Tanganyika were a symbol to the Germans that had achieved the status of world power. However the Germans associated the construction of a large navy with the acquisition of colonies (an idea held The Kaiser). The building of the navy was seen by many Germans as the only true method of gaining world status since its interest in Africa were mainly in terriority occupied by the British. Although the British were suspicious of the German Navy the Germans saw this as a means of breaking the British worldwide dominance.

After 1870 the French extended her North African, where Algeria had already attracted a number of French settlers, by placing a protectorate over Tunisia in 1881. The French had also played a protectorate over Morocco in 11. The French reasoning behind this was because disturbances on the Algerian border required French action in Morocco as a way to keep order. The French scramble for Africa was comparable to the British in terms of terriorty, but as it was on mainly situated around the lands of the Sahara, it offered little opportunity for French investment.

Throughout the 180s the Anglo-French rivalry in Central Africa was the main theme in the diplomatic relations between the two countries. Part of these relationships involved the French gaining concessions and favourable commercial and frontier agreements from the British, as the British trying to keep as much of Africa open to the greatest possible amount of British trade and influence. Their rivalry came to a head in 188 with a confrontation at Fashoda on the Upper Nile. The conflict arose due to the meeting of a French expedition that was sent across Africa to stake a claim to the territory, with a British force that had just successfully reconquered Sudan. The French realise that to oppose the British in Africa was not there means, unless they had the support of Germany in Europe, the cost of which would be the renunciation of Alsace- Lorraine for good. It was felt that this was far to high a price to pay for any French Government. This stance was further backed by the fact that the French Government never had its publics backing for its quests into Africa. Algeria (a French colony) had a large population of French settlers, and under the Third Republic this was thought of as a part of France rather then a colony. Frances other ally Russia was reluctant to aid the French outside Europe.

It is unfair to assume that the colonisation of Africa did not bring some economic advantage to those European nations that engaged in such adventures. A critic of imperialism, J.A Hobson, (Joll 10, p.7) attributed it to economic pressure. Lenin gave a more controversial analysis suggesting that it be due to the saturation of the European markets. He postulated that the only reason for introducing new industrial markets, (a situation that brought all the great European powers into competition with each other) was through applying a large amount of force to territory. This caused rivalry between the European powers that would therefore lead to war. Although the First World War was ultimately fought over European issues, the hope of European gain played a significant part. However there were ways by which the imperialist movement, before 114, had created an atmosphere in Europe that made the possibly of war an reality. The most important of these seemed to be the colonial rivalries and arms race that accompanied them had significantly altered the ways of the international arena. The imperialist movement is also had thought to have encouraged ideas of racial superiority which along with the concepts of an crude evolutionary theory had created a method of justifying world dominance in terms of colonialism.

Perhaps a more convincing argument relating the need for colonial expansion could be found in the fact, that in the case of Britain, it was a method of overcoming depression. The general idea of British businessmen during the 1880s was that a method of overcoming the overproduction of the Great Depression could be solved by a large export into this unknown land.

The economic advantages brought through colonisation can be seen in the development of technology in the European nations. For example the rubber needed for the internal combustion engine came from the rainforests of the Congo. Copper needed for the new electrical and motor industries were found in Zaire and Zambia. Perhaps the most significant find for imperialist came in South Africa, which became the Worlds greatest gold producer and it also had its far share of diamonds. A consequence of this was to be found in the construction of side railways, the profit from such mines was that vast (perhaps a more telling consequence of the demand for diamonds and gold was the South African War of 18-10.). The demand for vegetable oil in Africa played a role in the development of the soap industry.

The colonisation of African land seemed to be made easier through the presence of technologies such as steamships and railways. The accessible of quinine also decreased the death of European in African tropics. It has been argued that the machine may not have evolved as quick as it did if it had not been used in such expeditions.

In 180 Christian missionaries had barely touched the shores of Africa; but the next forty years saw a complete penetration into the African subcontinent. The influence of the missions in order to gain territory in Africa is unknown, as there was no real quest from missionary headquarters in Europe to gain secular empires. However rivalry between Catholic and Protestant missionaries could easily develop; for example, into rivalry between the French and the British governments.

Conclusion

It is difficult to attribute the colonisation of Africa to one particular reason. The four countries that held the majority of African land have been discussed however there were others such as Belgium (Congo) and Portugal (Mozambique). Each country had its own means and reasons for colonisation which was added by the attitude developed by the people of that country (such as Britain) or hindered such as Italy (after the defeat to Ethiopia) and France (after defeat to the British at Fashoda). There were other benefits to the European natures that colonised Africa such her contribution to European painting (initiated by Pablo Picasso around 107) and to a certain degree the science of Anthropology was developed at a rapid pace. However in weighing up the benefits of colonialism, one must question the effect, as its legacy is apparent in the problems of Africa today (Zimbabwe).

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The Waves of Ska Music

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The Waves of Ska Music

Music is a way a generation can express itself. For a generation of suppressed and restless people living in Jamaica, this voice of music was known as ska. Since its original appearance, ska has resurfaced twice. Ska music has been presented to three generations of fans in three separate waves. This music may have started out humble, but it is now one of the most influential styles of music in the world.

Since the early 140s, Jamaica has adopted and changed many forms of American musical styles. The people of Jamaica took a liking to rhythm and blues music, thanks to imported American records. Businessmen hooked up small sound systems consisting of radios, turntables, and speaker boxes. These portable sound systems provided entertainment at dance halls. Owners of different sound systems competed against each other at these halls. Two individuals, the deejay and the selector, ran the sound systems. The deejays job was to introduce each record and to enhance the rhythm of the music by chanting along with the record. Selectors chose records and used the controls to increase or decrease bass, treble, or volume. Musicians picked up on the elements of the rhythm and blues and combined it with traditional Jamaican mento music. The result was the first wave of ska.

Musically, ska is a shuffle-rhythm close to mento but even closer to the backbeat of r&b. In my opinion, being a guitar player, it's on a 1 - bar blues scale. The after beat is strummed by a rhythm guitar or played on the piano. A horn section, usually consisting of trumpets, trombones, and saxophones, is vital to the music. In the beginning, skilled musicians began to team up. Songs written about the ghettoes, street thugs, and romance were prevalent, however, religious themes could also be found in the songs. In 165, ska slowly transformed into another type of music, rock steady. Rock steady was more dependent on the rhythm, the bass guitar, and the drums than ska was. For the meantime, ska was the new style sweeping the country.Custom Essays on The Waves of Ska Music

After ska had been developed in Jamaica, artists traveling to Great Britain exported it. Ska became known as blue beat. Early British punk bands were into reggae, a style of music that came from rock steady, into their music. Bands began to use ska instead of reggae because it had a better beat. This faster paced ska came to be known as two-tone. One of the messages of two-tone ska was racial harmony. One of the symbols of two-tone was a cartoon character, which was a man in a black and white suite. The use of black and white in the drawing was supposed to symbolize the peaceful coexistence of different races. The attitude of ska music has always been about having fun in the face of oppression.

The third wave of ska began around 10 in America. Bands influenced by the two-tone ska scene began to use more punk and metal music. The combination was much faster than two-tone, and sounded very different from the original Jamaican brand of ska. The sound has transformed much since its birth. Bands such as the Mighty Mighty Bosstones, Operation Ivy, and No Doubt have successfully revived the entire ska scene.

In its three phases, ska has given voices to seemingly voiceless generations. Each time it comes back, a new message is taken up; however, the old messages have not been forgotten. Ska has influenced many things including fashion, antiracism, social classes, as well as other music. Ska originated in a small, poor country, yet it went on to spread throughout the world.

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English Activity

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English 004

Thomas Greene

7.8

As you instructed, we will study your investment program.We are requesting that all managers spend one hour a month outside of their department.

We in management feel that employees are not aware of computer security problems.

Our organization is honored to have you as a customer.

Out intent is to deliver your order by December 1.

This is the proposal regarding the purchase of laptop computers.

The success of QuadCam is commitment to quality.

Until approval from the team leader has been obtained please do not move forward.

7.

Right now

Regarding

Referencing

Right away

Yearly

Useless report

Caring project manager

Arranged numerically

Time saving program

7.10

Three people volunteered for the team.

Right now we will not edit the proposal.

The surprise visit did not allow time to develop profit and loss figures.

Weekly meetings are most effective.

We sent a check of $50

We are sending the brochures you requested.

College interns cannot replace employees.

Focus on customer service results in many benefits.

With active employees our team management program will be successful.

I would like to thank all who helped make this occasion possible.

7.11

We are assuming that you would like to be transferred.

Please consider our new proposal.

Students prefer mail-in registration.

Please investigate employee turnover from June to April .

Our recommendations will be presented to the Executive committee.

We are locating your lost order.

The sale campaign will continue if there is success in Houston.

7.1

Your goal is to write business messages that are concise, clear, and courteous.

Our objectives include removing equal opportunity and age discrimination barriers.

E-mail messages are read everyday but may not be answered until the following day.

Last year Mr. Alvy promoted investment by writing letters and giving presentations.

I prefer this office because of its air conditioning and attractiveness.

For this position we assess problem solving, team work, communication, and interpersonal skills.

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Plain Jane

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Plain Jane

Jane was the kind of girl people hardly noticed. Her plain face and slight build, along with her quiet voice, made her someone who people could easily walk past without seeing, just as one passes a familiar landmark, registering its presence but not its significance. Her mouse-coloured hair, though well groomed and cared for, was simple and had no accessories. Her deep-set blue eyes were warm, but neither large nor striking, and her small mouth with its straight, even teeth did not draw any attention. Her school uniform, unlike the one of so many other girls was unadjusted so that it hung loosely off her thin frame. Her shoes were as different as can be from the high heels of the other girls, who tottered by like tipsy flamingos. In the eyes of everyone, Jane was just a plain, ordinary girl.

At school, Jane was quite shy but also friendly and kind. She was good at comforting people with her characteristic smile, which though not charming, was full of warmth. While the other girls discussed their houses and hairstyles, competing over whose house was the biggest, or whose hairstyle was the most fashionable, Jane would sit quietly and just say that her house was okay, and when asked about its size, she would shrug and change the subject to films or animals. On the way to lessons, Jane sidled quickly along the edge of the noisy corridors, as if the racket frightened her. In class she was attentive and thoughtful, praised by all her teachers. Jane was not sporty, but was very musical and played the piano very well. Her friends all said that she was too quiet and modest for her own good.

"Today, girls, you will be working in pairs on a project on your favourite books or films. Everything has to be in French, and you can make booklets, write reviews, anything. Try to get spelling and grammar correct." Before Mrs Watson had finished speaking, the class was already whispering and gesturing at their friends. She yelled crossly,Cheap University Papers on Plain Jane

"That's enough! You will work with who ever you are next to on the register. Now move!"

There was a collective sigh as the girls scraped back their chairs and looked for their partners. Sarah was working with Jane. They were sort of friends but Sarah did not know anything about Jane's family or home.

"What shall we do?" Sarah asked.

"How about we make a big poster and write reviews of our favourite films and books on it?" Jane suggested.

"Good idea! We'll probably need to do this over the weekend. Do you want to come to my house on Saturday afternoon?"

"Okay, thanks." Jane replied. They chatted and worked half-heartedly on their project.

"So, where do you live?" Sarah asked.

"Near the theme park."

"Isn't that the really posh district?"

"No!"

Jane sighed silently in relief as the bell rang. The class gathered up their work and drifted off to lunch, ignoring the calls of Mrs Watson telling them to hand in their projects by Monday.

Saturday came, and Jane arrived at Sarah's house on a cloudy afternoon. They worked well together, and enjoyed each other's company. When they had finished, Jane prepared to leave.

"Someone's picking me up at the end of the road round about now. Thank you for having me," she said.

"I'll walk you to the end of the road."

"Thanks, but there's no need. The walk is only a couple of minutes."

"But it's drizzling. Come on, I'll bring an umbrella," Sarah insisted, reaching for a stripy umbrella.

"No, really. It's okay! Don't bother. I'd better go now. See you on Monday!" Jane left hurriedly down the road.

Sarah stared after her, feeling very puzzled. She desperately wanted to know the reason for Jane's strange behaviour.

At school, Jane acted normal towards everyone and was her usual friendly self. Sarah was just about to ask her about Saturday, when a friend came over to them and said,

"Hey, Sarah, did you see that Rolls Royce near you house on Saturday?"

"No, where was it?"

"At the end of the road," her friend went on, "I was walking past and it was turning around in the road, which took ages because it was so long."

"I was working on the French project with Jane on Sat-"

Sarah stopped abruptly. Jane had left her house on Saturday afternoon, and had said that she was being picked up at the end of the road! Sarah glanced at Jane, who appeared calm, but whose cheeks were flushed. Surely the Rolls Royce had not been Jane's! Sarah was ashamed as she thought to herself that Jane was too ordinary and simple for her family to own a Rolls Royce. When her friend had left, Sarah said to Jane,

"Was that your Rolls Royce?"

Jane looked troubled. She paused, and then nodded.

"But why didn't you want me to see it?"

"I…well, I thought that if you did, you would act differently towards me."

"How?" Sarah inquired.

"By talking formally, and acting weirdly around me."

"Why would I do that?"

"Because that is what people at my old school did. They treated me as if I was from a different planet," Jane said bitterly.

"What? By calling you Lady Jane?" Sarah joked.

Jane flushed. "Well…actually, yes. But please don't tell anyone!"

"Huh?" Sarah was confused. "Oh! I'm SO sorry! I didn't mean it, I was just joking! Oh my God, I'm such an idiot!"

Jane smiled. "It's okay. Don't blame yourself."

"Me and my big mouth! But, I bet no one is going to care whether you're Lady Jane or not. You're still the same old Jane to us, and we all love you!"

"Thanks, you're a really good friend. Hey, do you want to come to our house this weekend?" she said.

"Sure! What should I be expecting? A mansion?"

Jane just laughed.

Sarah's car pulled up at the front of the building. Several antique as well as new cars were parked there. Neat, green lawns surrounded the beautiful Victorian-style manor. Sarah's eyes were drawn away by a flurry of movement behind a tree. Jane emerged, waving wildly in her plain clothes and clutching a book. Sarah smiled to herself. No matter how flashy her car was, or how grand her house was, Jane was still that simple, down-to-earth, ordinary girl.

Please note that this sample paper on Plain Jane is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Plain Jane, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Plain Jane will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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A rose for emily

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William Faulkner's "A Rose for Emily" takes place during a period of new thoughts, ideas, and a different way of life for the United States. Faulkner draws a vivid representation of this change that the South faces during the turn of the century. He shows the destruction of the South, represented by the changes of the entire town, as well as the resistance to the changes by Emily and many of the townspeople. In addition to the characters, the house can also be seen as a symbol of the changing South, and as a parallel for Emily and her life.

"A Rose for Emily" is told from the viewpoint of an anonymous resident of the town where the story takes place. In Jefferson, Mississippi, the Grierson family was looked at very highly. Emily was raised by a strict father, which after his passing still feels irreplaceable ties towards him, like any daughter would. Because of him, her ties to the "Old South" remain with her, while holding on to the memories that she has of him. She learned from him to be proud of their old self-heritage.

Emily seems to be the product of a past era and surrounds herself with reminders of the times before. Referred to as a fallen monument in the story, Emily was once a product of what the South once stood for, and has "fallen" when she becomes subjected to death and perishes away (45). Throughout the story, she fades from the strong, effervescent person that she was, to a person in hiding, living in the shadows of her past. This feeling of hers is shown when she keeps her fathers body in the house after he has died, denying that he is even dead. She is unwilling to let go of the past, and is trying to keep hold of everything in the past that remains. All her life, she had been put on a pedestal. But after her father's passing "it got about that the house was all that was left to her, and in a way, people were glad. At last they could pity Miss Emily" (48).

After being abandoned after her father passes away, finding herself lost and alone, she finds herself a lover to whom her strict father would have forbid, for "None of the young men were quite good enough for Miss Emily" (p. 48). Homer represents a change in her life, as he represents the New South and the attitude that starts to invade the town of Jefferson. He was "a Yankee a big, dark, ready man with a big voice and eyes lighter than his face" (48). The people of the town looked on as the "Old South Emily" was seen on "Sunday afternoons driving in the yellow-wheeled buggy" with Homer (48). Eventually, she began to realize that her relationship with Homer was essentially forbidden, due to whom she was and what she was supposed to stand for. Upon the arrival of her cousins, Emily became repulsed with what she was doing, realizing that although she loved and cared for Homer, he represented everything that she was against the ruin of the family and of the Old South. With this, Homer suddenly disappeared, and this is when Emily began to disappear also. She took shelter from the world and the town of new ideas that surrounded her, and took Homer with her, by putting him to rest in the room that they shared together. "From that time on, the front door remained closed" (40).

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The house where Emily hides herself away for years has many parallels with the changing south, as well as Miss Emily herself. The house was "once white, decorated with cupolas and spires and scrolled balconies in the heavily lightsome style of the seventies, set on what had once been our most select street" (46). This house that was once the most beautiful in Jefferson, has now turned into "an eyesore among eyesores" (46). This also parallels with what Miss Emily was once like. At one point, she was standing above the rest, and now only stands out against all of the new townspeople. Times began to change and "cotton gins and auto garages" replaced the houses. Because of these new changes that came along with modernization and industrialization, Emily and her house became the last evidence that showed the refusal to the new ways, her house serving as a visible reminder of this.

The Grierson's house showed her refusal to come out of the past that she was trapped in. When the Board of Alderman arrives at Emily's house questioning about the taxes, "it smelled of dust and disuse a close, dank smell. It was furnished in heavy, leather-covered furniture" (46). When the blinds were drawn, "a faint dust rose sluggishly about their thighs, spinning with slow motes in the single sun-ray" (46). The house was filled with shadows, not only rejecting the sunlight into the house, but the light of the future as well.

Following this grave condition of the house, a similar description is given of Miss Emily. Her appearance is depicted as looking "bloated, like a body long submerged in motionless water, and of that pallid hue. Her eyes, lost in the fatty ridges of her face, looked like two small pieces of coal pressed into a lump of dough," much like the previous description of the house (46). But Emily was not always like this. In the portrait with her father, Emily is described as "a slender figure in white in the background," delicate, fresh and full of life. After her father dies, she is described "with a vague resemblance to those angels in colored church windows sort of tragic and serene" (48).

Both the house and the tenant can be seen as suffering with age and abandonment. The darkness and obscurity of the house with a "dim hall from which a stairway mounted into still more shadow" has a tie with Miss Emily herself. (46) She is a "small, fat woman in black…her skeleton small and spare" with a voice that is "dry and cold" (46, 7). After years of seclusion and a yearning to stay in the past, she becomes decayed herself, just as the house becomes. Emily's soul becomes lost in the house, which represents the past and everything she stands for. The soul of the house also becomes lost, as times change. Something that was once so beautiful and grand is now nothing more than an "eyesore."

As changes occur from the movement of the Old South to the New South, transformations are seen all over the town. Just as in the appearance of the town as they "let the contracts for paving the sidewalks" the people of the town turned to "more modern ideas" (48, 46).

At the turn of this new era, some people favored the change while others held on to the past. The town began to change, and those people that agreed with the new thoughts began to step up and realize their own self worth. The newer generation, with its more modern ideas" became the strength of the town (46). As people of the older generation started to move out of Jefferson, in came the fresh, new minds that represented the New South. Emily still felt ties to the Old South, and so continued to hide herself away in her deteriorating house. It is in that house where she slowly deteriorates as a person.

Throughout the story, several characters can be seen to symbolize the changing South that is seen during the story. These key characters still reflect on the "old" ideas before the South began to change, and as it continued to change. Although the entire town is changing before their eyes, this old generation of thoughts and ideas is still present, although it eventually fades away with time. As Daniel Bronson states in his response to this story, "Members of the Old South were very honorable, graceful, and above all, dignified. They had great respect for each other and each other's feelings" (45). These characteristic traits are shown through several characters throughout the story through actions they take for Emily, someone who saw things the same way they did.

Colonel Sartoris, a man who "fathered the edict that no Negro woman should appear on the streets without an apron" still passed on her taxes - the privilege that was given to her after her fathers passing (46). He makes up a story to defend the prior fabricated story, something that "only a man of Colonel Sartoris' generation and thought could have invented" (46). When the Board of Aldermen, of the new generation, come to her house to request her taxes, they view this situation quite differently than Colonel Sartoris did. Emily insists that his word is enough evidence, which the "new" men insist that this is not correct because their new views aren't based on "promises" or "word" but rather the law and "the books." However in the end, they too dismiss her taxes, but only due to the fact that Emily is who she is and because of the promise that Colonel Sartoris had given her.

Another character in the story that still abides by these Old South values is Judge Stevens. When a smell began to invade around Miss Emily's property, the "new" townspeople started complaining. "It was another link between the gross, teeming world and the high and mighty Grierson's" (47). Judge Stevens, being 80 years of age, belongs to the old generation of ideas, just like Emily. When a woman of the town complains of the smell, she insisted that word should be sent to her to stop the smell by asking, "Isn't there a law?" (47). Judge Stevens speaks against word of the new by saying, "Dammit…will you accuse a lady to her face of smelling bad?" (47). This Old South mindset is quite evident regarding the situation with the smell and how Judge Stevens handled it, by showing self-respect to a fellow person of his time. After all, when Emily was alive, she was "a tradition, a duty, and a care; a sort of hereditary obligation upon the town" (46).

The situation with receiving the poison at the pharmacy also reflects on the dwindling, but still present spirit of the Old South, despite the changing times. Upon her request for arsenic, the pharmacist says, "If that's what you want. But the law requires you to tell what you are going to use it for" (4). Although Emily basically insisted that this drug be given to her despite the law, the pharmacist complies with her request, even though it really is not permissible. This action by the pharmacist is typical of the values of the Old South, as he shows honor and respect for Miss Emily, realizing that this would help her.

Throughout Faulkner's "A Rose for Emily," a vivid picture is painted of the many changes that occur in the South after the Civil War. As the Old South moves out and the New South moves in, Emily refuses the changes that are occurring in Jefferson, Mississippi, which are bound to happen eventually. After years of fighting against the alterations of this era, she falls victim to it. Just as her house, the death of her father, and the townspeople, she too finally meets the same destiny. "And now Miss Emily had gone to join the representatives of those august names where they lay in the cedar-bemused cemetery" where they rest, signifying the past that Miss Emily tried for so long to hold on to (46).

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Retaiing

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According to the statistics from the Chinese government, for the first semester in 18, the supply of consuming goods in China retail market is greater than demand. The retailing total of consuming goods was up to 1,8 billion RMB, an increase by .1% compared with last year.

The selling prices of the main categories of agricultural and subsidary products decreased for instance the selling price of food decreased by 11.% compared with the same period last year. Research data indicated market will have over supply of resources but slow down in spending. (www.chinamarket.com.hk)

Even in the first semester in 18, the savings of people in China has increased by 16.8% (total of 5,000 billion RMB) compared with same period last year, the spending desire of the people is still very low. (www.chinamarket.com.hk). This is mainly due to the high unemployment rate and people are concern of their livlihood.

(retail sector review - industry sector analysis isa) Due to the closed down or reformed on State Owned Enterprises (SOEs), millions of workers have been laid off and unemployed. In early 10, consumer confidence has reached the lowest level ever since.Cheap University Papers on Retaiing

(retail sector review ¡V industry sector analysis isa) The official unemployment rate is 8% according to the China government. Unemployment together with the uncertainly over future earning power had discouraging consumer ability and enthusiasm. It is estimated that 100 million people are either unemployed or under-employed. Many of these unemployed are due to the ongoing SOE reform. For those still employed in the SOE are worrying their future employing due to the continued economic reform and have hold back or delayed their consumption of consumer goods.

(retail sector review ¡V industry sector analysis isa) In view of depressed consumer spending, manufacturers were adopting cutthroat price war in order to improve their sales. In 18, prices have been dropped by 10-40 % on consumer items ranging from clothes to televisions to refrigerators.

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Marilyn Monroe

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Name Norma Jean Mortenson (Marilyn Monroe)

Date of Birth 1st June 16

Appearance Fairly tall, dyed blonde hair, a well-known model.

Occupation Showbiz Hollywood actress.Order custom research paper on Marilyn Monroe

Case Monroe died 5th August 16. She died either of Murder or suicide.

Was it suicide The evidence for suicide is listed below.

Marilyn Monroe was born on 1st June 16 in Los Angeles. She had no family to begin with. She had no idea who her father was and her mother suffered from mental illness and depression.

Due to these facts she had to either go in to children's homes, which she detested or fostered by cruel and mean parents. The memories of this would not go away and she suffered a miserable early life.

Suffering an early miserable life.

This one reason is an important factor in the investigation.

When she was in her teens she got her life back with a family that cared and loved her and at the age of 16 the family had to move away and could not afford for her to go with them. She had a tough decision, to get married to the next-door neighbor who was 1 or to go back to the old foster parents.

She knew she shouldn't really get married at such a young age but she had no choice and she did. So she got married to Jimmy Dougherty. It lasted 6 months and was a failure. She had marriages which had the same thing happen to all of them.

Her second marriage to Joe Di Maggio a famous baseball player was even worse. Monroe became an actress and therefore became a sex symbol and Di Maggio physically hurt Monroe and she ended the marriage. She was really depressed.

Her next marriage also did not last long. She married Arthur Miller and while in this marriage she was addicted to medicinal drugs such as painkillers and sleeping tablets. She also had three miscarriages.

Three marriages which all ended in divorce.

Addicted to drugs

Three miscarriages.

All of these reasons could have led to her death.

While still in the film industry she made many close companions such as the likes of Frank Sinatra and the two Kennedy brothers. She had affairs with all three of them.

The affair with JFK started in 161. She was deeply attracted to him. On his birthday Kennedy's wife did not attend. Rumours said that she knew about he affair. This is also the time where Monroe sang the famous "Happy Birthday" song. So because Kennedy thought that his wife knew about the affair he ended the affair. Monroe was devastated to hear the news.

To get back on track she then had an affair with Robert Kennedy. This affair was the last weeks of her life. In July 16 Monroe was reported to have an abortion. She had become pregnant to Bobby Kennedy.

He therefore broke off the relationship. She was very sad.

The FBI's told the Kennedy brothers that the two affairs must never be mentioned again.

Monroe had three affairs which all fell to pieces.

She had another chance to have a baby, but had an abortion.

She must have felt her life was not worth living.

Soon her career and health was also in tatters. After her acting break she was fired in 16 due to heavy overdoses of drugs and drinking. She had hangovers the next morning and was always late to work and was sacked.

Now everything she worked so hard for has gone.

She has hardly anything to live for.

Was it murder The murder case is very strong. The evidence is vital to the case.

It all started on the 4th of August, the day before the death of Marilyn Monroe.

Eyewitnesses reported to see Robert Kennedy at Monroe's house. It was said that Monroe knew information about the Kennedy's that could lead to their downfall.

Monroe had not written a suicide note which is most common with suicide deaths. She must have had requests and reasons for her death and would have written a note. But there was no note found.

On the night of the 4th August a woman kept ringing Monroe's house saying " Leave Bobby alone!" This could have been threats from Robert Kennedy's wife. Could she have been involved in the death of Marilyn Monroe.

The Mafia are alleged to have tapped the phone of Monroe so they could get evidence of an affair and bring the Kennedy's down.

The housekeeper who usually goes to see how Ms Monroe is when she arrives at the house did not do her daily duties and it took her 4 hours to find Monroe dead and call the police. Why was this? Was she also in the plot?

Marilyn Monroe had special plans for the near future which involved her ex husband Joe Di Maggio. She was going to get married again to Mr Di Maggio later on in that month. Therefore she would have none of the slightest ideas to kill herself.

The police also thought that the body had been tampered with. Someone must have been in the house apart from Monroe.

If Monroe was supposedly to have killed herself then she had to have an overdose of drugs. However latest technology from our science labs have proven that if Monroe killed herself then with all the poison found in her body, she had to have swallowed a maximum of 5-88 pills.

In most overdose cases between 8-10 pills are taken. There is no way she could have swallowed all those pills. So the reason for her death was that she injected herself with poison or somebody else did.

When searched on her body there was no injected marks, so the poison must have been injected elsewhere.

This case is very confusing and many theories have been made. Some of which are shown below.

The Mob did it because of their fury with the Kennedy's.(Chuck Giancana)

The mob had Marilyn killed to embarrass Robert Kennedy. The plan failed as Robert Kennedy foiled the plan by removing the evidence against him.

Robert Kennedy, with agents of the Secret Service and CIA.(Robert Slatzer)

Robert did not inject the poison but like a general gave the command.

An unsuspected murder was the ambulance driver. (James Hall)

James Hall claims that the ambulance driver called to the scene when the body was discovered killed her. Just when Marilyn started to come around the doctor arrived, Dr Greenson. He then injected her.

There is no real solution that tells us who killed Monroe and why she would kill herself.

Please note that this sample paper on Marilyn Monroe is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Marilyn Monroe, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on Marilyn Monroe will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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