Exercise health lifestyle

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What are the causes of chondromalacia patellae

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What is chondromalacia patellae

Chondromalacia means softening of the cartilage, and Patellae means the knee-cap. So Chondromalacia patellae means softening of the articular cartilage of the knee-cap. The articular cartilage is the cartilage lining under the knee-cap that articulates with the knee joint. Under normal circumstances, it is smooth and shiny, so that it glides smoothly along the articular groove of the femur as the knee bends. When it softens, it may break down, causing irregularities along the undersurface of the patella. What causes Chondromalacia patellae

Chondromalacia patellae occurs in two distinct age-groups

It can happen in the older age-group (in the 40's and beyond) when the articular cartilage breaks down as part of the wear-and-tear process that occurs with the rest of the body.

It can occur frequently in teenagers (especially girls) when the articular cartilage softens in response to excessive and uneven pressure on the cartilage, due to structural changes in the legs with rapid growth, and muscle imbalance around the knee. Any flexion of the knee increases the tendency of the patella to dislocate. Undue pressure is placed on the lateral (outer) facet of the patella. Moreover, in many of these teenagers, the vastus lateralis and vastus medialis components of the Quadriceps muscle are not well-balanced. The vastus lateralis tends to be more powerful than the vastus medialis, thus increasing the tendency for the patella to track or dislocate laterally. This again puts undue pressure on the lateral facet. This uneven and excessive pressure on the lateral facet of the patella leads to cartilage softening and breakdown.

What is it bursitis

Bursitis is the inflammation of a bursa. Every person has hundreds of bursae scattered throughout the body. The function of a bursa is to decrease friction between two surfaces that move in different directions. Therefore, you tend to find bursae at points where muscles, ligaments, and tendons glide over bones.

What is the cause of it

Bursitis can either result from a repetitive movement or due to prolonged or excessive pressure. An example of prolonged movement is the condition called "Miner's Elbow" in which a bursa over the elbow joint is inflamed from repetitive motions such as swinging a miner's pick. This same syndrome is see more commonly today in professions such as custodians who repetitively push and pull a vacuum.

The other cause of bursitis is due to excessive pressure on a bursa. This is seen in a condition called "Housemaid's Knee." This syndrome causes bursitis over the kneecap as a result of prolonged kneeling. It is often seen in people who spend long periods of time scrubbing hard floors, thus Housemaid's Knee. It is also seen in gardeners, carpet layers, and roofers, and that is why you see people in the professions wearing kneepads

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Bursitis can also be associated with some infections such as staphylococcus and tuberculosis, as well as some systemic diseases such as gout and arthritis. The most common sites for bursitis are the hip, knee, elbow, and heel.

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What can it be affected by

Inflammation can be a result of friction associated with any of the following

Repetitive motion

Pressure to the joint

What is rotator cuff

The rotator cuff is a component of the shoulder joint that aids in allowing the shoulder to function as the most unique joint in the body. Because of this mechanism, the shoulder joint can move and turn through a wider range than any other joint in the body; this allow us to perform an amazing variety of tasks with our arms. Unfortunately, the shoulder can be relatively easily injured, making many routine activities difficult and painful. The rotator cuff is part of this mechanism that, when healthy functions very well, but when injured can be a difficult and frustrating problem.

The rotator cuff is actually made of four muscles that attach to the shoulder blade (scapula), and wrap around the front, back, and top of the shoulder. Together these muscles help guide the shoulder through many motions, and also lend stability to the joint. The ends of the rotator cuff muscles form tendons that attach to the arm bone (humerus).

Injures to the rotator cuff

A rotator cuff tear occurs when the tendonitis in the rotator cuff gets so bad that it wears a hole through the rotator cuff tendon. Since the tendon is what connects the rotator cuff muscle to your humerus bone, when the tendon is torn, you have weakness in the shoulder. Usually these tears occur in people who have had shoulder pain for some time (called a chronic rotator cuff tear). This is, by far, the most common type of rotator cuff tear.

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What can it be effected by

The rotator cup can be effected by any of the following movement .that are either ballistic or hyper

Flexion - extension

Internal rotation - extension

Adduction - abduction

How may injuries be prevented in exercise ?

Be in proper physical condition to play a sport.

.If you play any sports, you should adequately train for that sport. It is a mistake to expect the sport itself to get you into shape. Many injuries can be prevented by following a regular conditioning program of exercises designed specifically for your sport.

Know and abide by the rules of the sport.

The rules are designed, in part, to keep things safe. This is extremely important

for anyone who participates in a contact sport. Rules of conduct, including

illegal blocks and tackles are enforced to keep athletes healthy.

Wear appropriate protective gear and equipment.

Protective pads, mouth guards, helmets, gloves and other equipment is not for

sissies. Protective equipment that fits you well can safe your knees, hands,

teeth, eyes, and head. Never play without your safety gear.

Rest.

Athletes with high consecutive days of training, have more injuries. While

many athletes think the more they train, the better theyll play, this is a

misconception. Rest is a critical component of proper training. Rest can make

you stronger and prevent injuries of overuse, fatigue and poor judgement.

Always warm up before playing.

Warm muscles are less susceptible to injuries. The proper warm up is essential

for injury prevention. Make sure your warm up suits your sport. You may

simply start your sport slowly, or practice specific stretching or mental

rehearsal depending upon your activity.

Negative effects of exercise and eating disorders

Eating disorders continue to be on the rise among athletes, especially those involved in sports that place great emphasis on the athlete to be thin. Sports such as gymnastics, figure skating, dancing and synchronized swimming have a higher percentage of athletes with eating disorders, than sports such as basketball, skiing and volleyball. . Famous gymnasts Kathy Johnson, Nadia Comaneci and Cathy Rigby have come forward and admitted to fighting eating disorders. Cathy Rigby, a 17 Olympian, battled anorexia and bulimia for 1 years. She went into cardiac arrest on two occasions as a result of it.

Many female athletes fall victim to eating disorders in a desperate attempt to be thin in order to please coaches and judges. Many coaches are guilty of pressuring these athletes to be thin by criticizing them or making reference to their weight. Those comments could cause an athlete to resort to dangerous methods of weight control and can do serious emotional damage to the athlete.

In sports where the athletes are judged by technical and artistic merit, they are under enormous pressure to be thin, because many of the judges consider thinness to be an important factor when deciding the artistic score. In 188, at a meet in Budapest, a US judge told Christy Henrich, one of the worlds top gymnasts, that she was too fat and needed to lose weight if she hoped to make the Olympic squad. Christy resorted to anorexia and bulimia as a way to control her weight, and her eating disorders eventually took her life.

Athletes with eating disorders can be at a higher risk for medical complications such as electrolyte imbalances and cardiac arrhythmias. They are already engaging in strenuous physical activity and putting a lot of pressure on the body. Having an eating disorder puts them at great risk for sudden death from cardiac arrest. It is usually difficult to convince athletes that they are in need of help because they usually believe that they will become a better athlete, and perform better, if they lose more weight.

Coaches and trainers really need to educate themselves on the dangers and on the signs to look for in an athlete that may be suffering from an eating disorder. They must be able to recognize when healthy training routines turn into an obsession where the athlete turns to drastic measures to become thin and succeed in their sport. Coaches should also bring in nutrition experts to educate the athletes on healthy eating and to make them aware of how important it is to eat properly, especially when involved in such intense training. Counselling should also be made available to athletes that are suffering from eating disorders and they should be encouraged and supported to accept the help available to them. They need to be assured that they will not be criticized or looked down on if they do come forward with their problem.

Bibliography

http//mentalhealth.about.com/cs/overexercise

http//lifefitness.com

www.google.com - search = energy systems

www.orthopedics.com

Book = sports exercise

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