Description of a NASCAR body.

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Description of a NASCAR Body

This description is intended for a general audience who may not be familiar with the different parts of a NASCAR body.

Figure 1

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General Description

The NASCAR body is the outer shell of the car, which is visible. Looking directly at the car, one would see the body and the parts the make it up. NASCAR bodies are based on American-made (Chevrolet, Dodge, Ford, and Pontiac), full-size passenger cars and have a look somewhat like the cars we drive on the streets. There is a "three year rule," this means that no car body can be more than three model years old. The body is designed with main ideas in mind safety, aerodynamics, and fairness in competition.

Once the entire body has been put together it must be a certain length, height, and width. The body and the majority of its parts are put together with sheet metal and certain types of plastic. No fiberglass, aluminum, or exotic material such as titanium is allowed.

The main parts of the body are the air dam/valance, grill opening, windshield, roof rails, roof flaps, and the spoiler (see fig. 1).

Main Parts

Figure

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The first part going from front to rear would be the air dam or valance (see fig. ). The names are interchangeable. This panel extends below the vehicles front grill opening and front bumper. The valance, affects the amount of front downforce the vehicle creates. Downforce is an aerodynamic force that presses the cars tightly to the surface of the racetrack. Lowering the valance creates more front downforce. Lengths may vary depending on the downforce needed and must not exceed past a certain length set by NASCAR.

The second part on the front of the car is the grill opening (see fig. ). The grill openings main purpose is to get cool air into the engine. Grill size will vary depending upon the size of the track. For example, a larger opening is needed for shorter tracks due to the increased use of brakes. More air must be allowed to flow through the grill to keep the car cool or overheating will occur.

The windshield would be the next part (see fig. ). The windshield is made up of a polycarbonate material that is also used in fighter planes; this material will not shatter. The windshield is at a minimum of one-quarter-inch thickness. The polycarbonate material, referred to as Lexan, is supported by framework within the car. This keeps debris from flying through the windshield if a car was to wreck or a piece would fall off of a car.

Figure

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The next part, moving to the top of the car, would be the roof rails (see fig. ). Roof rails are thin vertical strips of sheet metal that run the length of the top of the car and are about 1 inch high. They are made to disrupt streamlined air flowing over the car during the race. This helps reduce the possibility of leaving the ground if the car wrecked.

A key safety feature on the body is the roof flaps (see fig. ). Each car has two flaps, 0 inches wide and 8 inches tall. The left flap on the car sits at a 0-degree angle to the car and the right one sits at 45-degrees. Hinged at the forward edges, the flaps are held flat against the roof under normal conditions by the airflow over the car. As the car begins to spin away from its original motion it is traveling; the difference in air pressure will lift a flap up and disrupt the airflow over the car so it does not become airborne.

The spoiler is another key part to the car's body (see fig. ). It is a metal strip that helps control airflow, downforce (the pressure of the air on a car as it races), and drag (a resisting force in a cars air stream). It runs length-wise across the trunk of a car. Ford races with spoilers' 6-inches tall and 57-inches wide, Chevrolet and Dodge spoilers are 6 ¼-inches tall and 57-inches wide with Pontiac at 6 ½- inches tall and 57-inches wide.

Concluding Discussion

In NASCAR the driver's safety is the prominent issue. The safety features on the cars are put there to keep risks low as possible for the driver. At speeds near 00 mph the car can be put into vulnerable positions. The front valance, roof rails and flaps, and the spoiler are used to keep the car on the ground. Creating downforce and disrupting the flow of air across the top of the car are two very important features of the car's body concerning safety. Once safety has been addressed the next important feature is aerodynamics. The shape of the body is created by templates which help with this factor. A NASCAR's body is almost perfectly streamlined.

The drawbacks of the NASCAR body are based mainly around the different types of tracks they run at. You must consider that the same car could not possibly race at all the different tracks in the circuit. The larger speedways of .5 miles require a completely different body setup than a shorter 1 mile track. The body is very tedious to put together. All the pieces must be within a certain dimensional limit or the car will not be allowed to race until corrected. The process of creating the body for a NASCAR racecar is incredibly time consuming. It takes the owner's shop 10 working days to make and install the body for just one car.

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