Truth

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A Greek Proverb once noted, "A truth spoken before its time is dangerous" (Lieberman 51). People in power positions in our society are constantly challenged in their practice of rhetoric to speak the truth while presenting their ideas in public forums. Unfortunately, some individuals whether intentionally or not, distort the truth during their preparation and presentation to deceive the intended audience, which is a very dangerous tactic if the audience has the capacity to recognize the real facts of the matter. James A. Herrick highlighted the functions and ethical practices of the art of rhetoric and noted, "The six functions I will highlight are (1) Ideas are tested, () advocacy is assisted, () power is distributed, (4) facts are discovered, (5) knowledge is shaped, and (6) communities are built" (Herrick 16). It is the intention of this paper to conduct a theoretical analysis of the issues related to the rhetoric used by the embattled Los Angeles Chief of Police Bernard C. Parks. Prior to the latest crisis in his career, Chief Parks had established a reputation for being the most knowledgeable person on the department. Although he was considered the manager of the Los Angeles Police Department, it was recognized that he was not a polished public speaker and this flaw was actually highlighted during his most recent speeches to the Police Commission and City Council. In the area of power, Chief Parks is considered the consummate micro-manager with his command staff, and Community Police Advisory Councils. Although Parks created an illusion that he was the master of all facts concerning the Los Angeles Police Department, he underestimated the investigative process of the media and ultimately the public with his outdated methods of argumentative style of his rhetoric. It became apparent that the most critical point in Chief Parks' effort to keep his job was revealed when the race card was played, and a portion of his presentation to the Police Commission was rejected as being a false employee evaluation. It is an interesting revelation that the process to evaluate the merits of renewing Chief Parks' contract ultimately rested on the racial make-up of the Police Commission; the alienation of the Black community and the dysfunctional political process. It was further stirred by Mayor James Hahn's decision to voice his opinion prior to the renewal process.

The Daily News recently noted, "With the appointment of Bernard C. Parks as Chief of Police in August 17, the department was quickly restructured to focus on its primary mission to reduce crime and the fear of crime with emphasis on command accountability and community partnerships. Other notable changes were quickly implemented to address the many reforms mandated by the Christopher Commission, and called for by civilian oversight groups…" (Cook, Allen, and Selleck). In light of the rhetoric on both sides of the issue, Chief Parks was unable to effectively communicate facts, which supported his success in the aforementioned mission. In fact, his detractors, which included the Los Angeles Police Protective League (LAPPL) and the Mayor presented effective arguments and conflicting facts in their professional media rhetoric that disputed and obscured Chief Parks' merit by using rhetoric to test his ideas. Thus, the LAPPL spent more then a million dollars in advertisements, which noted the increase in crime, fear in the community, failure in the mandated Christopher Commission reforms and demonstrated arrogance toward the Community Police Advisory Boards.

Chief Parks actually ineffectively used rhetoric to assist advocacy of his ideas by using the church clergy, Black Power based groups, and politicians in attempting to influence the Police Commission and the political leaders of Los Angeles. Unfortunately, his unpolished and awkward speaking style did not advance his ideas to his audience and in fact the media frenzy, which rested on every word, magnified the formal context of his rhetoric, which was lacking.

Rhetoric has a direct relationship to power. Granted, Chief Parks has major accomplishments reflected in his 7 years with the department and he actually established an undisputed power base with people representing communities from all of the 465 square miles of Los Angeles. However, regardless of his intentions or "symbolic expressions" in appealing to the greater community in this process, he fell short because he lacked power in his rhetoric. Simultaneously, his renowned character trait of ignoring the advise of others, may have likely limited his "psychological power" in influencing the significant players in the renewal process because it had severe consequences. The contrasting rhetoric of the LAPPL also highlighted the Chief's uncaring attitude about his rank and file officers who had publicly voted "no-confidence" and as a matter of fact, approximately 100 officers resigned during his tenure.

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Friedrich Nietzsche once noted, "What, then, is truth? A mobile army of metaphors (a comparison of things not apparently similar), metonyms (the substitution of a part for the whole), and anthropomorphisms (an interpretation of what is not human or personal in terms of human or personal characteristics)-in short, a sum of human relations, which have been enhanced, transposed, and embellished poetically and rhetorically, and which after long use seem firm…"(Nietzsche 1). Rhetoric does discover facts and it is recognized that Chief Parks had a reputation of high integrity prior to this process. However, his rhetoric was very predictable to his adversaries that emphasized the comparison between his words and his actions during his interview with the Police Commission in which he apparently used an employee evaluation, which had been substituted and not properly processed through the Police Commission. This incident ultimately revealed a contradiction to the Chief's rhetoric and a major flaw in his personal character. Regardless of his claim that there had been a misunderstanding between the Chief and the former President of the Police Commission, the public revelation of this fact ensured a timely end to an otherwise uncompromising career. "Some theorists contend that rhetoric actually creates truth. As we explore the history of rhetoric, we will uncover various answers to these questions" (Herrick 4). Because of the significance of the position of the Chief of Police and former civil service protection for this position, it is believed that some past chiefs were able to be less then truthful during their public appearances. However, the city charter change in 1 established a five-year-term limit for the Chief of Police position and a five year renewal with the approval of the Police Commission, which made the position more political, and the renewal process more challenging. Therefore, the scrutiny of Chief Parks' rhetoric created challenges to his "truth" because of the investigative ability of the media and others to closely examine his misleading messages.

The renewal process for Chief Parks greatly highlighted the disparity and views about what constituted justice and equality in Los Angeles, and the fact that rhetoric shapes knowledge. The Black community mobilized its resources, church clergy, and political leadership and was very aggressive in their use of the media in presenting their facts and social issues in supporting Chief Parks. Unfortunately, some of the messages alienated other members of the greater Los Angeles community because there was a tendency by certain individuals to threaten violence to a city, which was still in a healing process from the 1 civil unrest. It is also recognized that all Black citizens cannot be simplistically lumped into a common thread. There were those community leaders that were trying to build understanding and consensus with their rhetoric while establishing knowledge about Chief Parks' accomplishments. Regardless of Chief Parks' knowledge and experience, the renewal process was completed, and the decision of the Police Commission denied his renewal. The reality is that only three City Council members wanted a public review to assert its authority over the Police Commission, 11 voted to support the Police Commission decision and one (Council Member Galanter) was absent.

It is a fact that rhetoric builds community, even in a city as complex and culturally diverse as Los Angeles. Although there are competing communities within the city, it is recognized that there are certain common goals and values that people place on public safety. As the Chief of Police, Chief Parks is the top law enforcement official in our city and therefore; he must be able to convey his message beyond the cultural and religious boundaries of its citizenship and effectively deploy his resources to provide public safety and education to its members. As noted, Chief Parks fell short in this process during his evaluation by the Police Commission because he demonstrated unsuccessful rhetorical interactions with those that judged him and the greater community itself.

In closing, on April , 00, Chief Bernard C. Parks announced his intention to retire from the Los Angeles Police Department, and actually used rhetoric to impart his interests as a future candidate of the City Council. During this entire process, some members of the community wondered why the Chief fought so hard to retain his position. However, it is believed the six functions of rhetoric greatly helped in the analysis of his motivations and limitations of his "truth" in this process.

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